| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 100mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Protamine sulfate targets heparin, a highly sulfated glycosaminoglycan. It binds to heparin, forming a stable complex that neutralizes its anticoagulant activity. Protamine sulfate also down-regulates thrombin generation by inhibiting factor V activation.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
When thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin, protonate sulfate inhibits it. This inhibition is partial, reversible, and concentration-dependent [3]. Derived from salmon sperm, protonate sulfate is a 5-kDa cationic peptide that binds negatively charged unfractionated heparin (UFH). By preventing factor V activation, protonate sulfate inhibits the production of thrombin [4].
Protamine sulfate demonstrates potent in vitro neutralization of heparin. It binds to heparin and reverses its anticoagulant effects. Protamine sulfate also inhibits factor V activation. |
| ln Vivo |
Animal cystitis models can be created with the use of propetamine sulfate in animal modeling.
Protamine sulfate is used in vivo as an antidote to heparin. It can be used in animal modeling to create cystitis models. The presence and activity of protamine sulfate may trigger the activation and inflammatory response of the host immune system. |
| Enzyme Assay |
The in vitro assay for Protamine sulfate involves measuring its ability to neutralize heparin. Heparin is incubated with Protamine sulfate at various concentrations. The anticoagulant activity of heparin is measured using a clotting assay. The IC50 value is determined by fitting the neutralization data to a dose-response curve.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for Protamine sulfate typically use cell lines to assess its effects on coagulation or inflammation. Cells are treated with the compound at various concentrations. Coagulation parameters or inflammatory markers are measured.
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| Animal Protocol |
Protamine sulfate is used in vivo as an antidote to heparin. It can be used in animal modeling to create cystitis models.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of Protamine sulfate are characterized by its rapid onset of action when administered intravenously. It is cleared from the circulation through the liver and kidneys.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for Protamine sulfate are available from its clinical use as a heparin antidote. Adverse effects include hypotension, bradycardia, and allergic reactions. Protamine sulfate is contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to fish.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Protamine sulfate is a polycationic peptide that acts as a heparin antagonist. It reverses the anticoagulant effects of heparin. Protamine sulfate has a CAS number of 9009-65-8. It is used clinically as an antidote to heparin.
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| Molecular Weight |
0
|
|---|---|
| Exact Mass |
6687.466
|
| CAS # |
9009-65-8
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
2.2±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
330.0±11.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.5 mmHg at 25°C
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.537
|
| LogP |
-1.03
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O: 50 mg/mL
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 33.33 mg/mL (Infinity mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication.
(Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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