| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Human Endogenous Metabolite ERK MEK
C16-PAF targets the PAF G protein-coupled receptor (PAFR). By binding to PAF receptors, C16-PAF triggers diverse cellular processes including platelet aggregation, leukocyte activation, vasodilation, and increased vascular permeability. It is a potent activator of MAPK and MEK/ERK signaling pathways. Activation of PAFR by C16-PAF also exhibits anti-apoptotic effects through inhibition of caspase-dependent cell death. |
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| ln Vitro |
C16-PAF (PAF (C16); 0.5-1.5 μM; for 24 hours) triggers considerable concentration-dependent neuronal death in PAFR?/? but not PAFR+/+ cultures. C16-PAF (1 μM) triggers neuronal death in PAFR? /? cells infected with EGFP alone[1]. ?C16-PAF (1 μM; for 24 hours) activates caspase 7 but not caspase 3 in PAFR?/? neurons[1]. ?C16-PAF is generated by two separate processes ; the remodeling pathway and the de novo synthesis pathway. C16-PAF functions by interacting to a unique G-protein-coupled seven transmembrane receptor[2][3]. ?C16-PAF (1-25 μg/ml; 6, 12 , 24 h) inhibits M. smegmatis and M. bovis BCG growth in a time-dependent manner[3].
C16-PAF demonstrates potent in vitro activity as a platelet-activating factor and PAFR ligand. It activates MAPK and MEK/ERK signaling pathways in vitro. The compound exhibits anti-apoptotic effects in vitro, inhibiting caspase-dependent cell death through PAFR activation. It also induces increased vascular permeability in in vitro models. |
| ln Vivo |
C16-PAF exhibits in vivo activity as a potent mediator of inflammation, immune responses, and thrombosis. By binding to PAF receptors, it triggers platelet aggregation, leukocyte activation, vasodilation, and increased vascular permeability in vivo. The compound’s effects on vascular permeability and inflammation make it a valuable tool for studying inflammatory and thrombotic conditions in animal models.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The in vitro enzyme/receptor binding (non-cell-based) assay for C16-PAF involves assessing its binding affinity to the PAF G protein-coupled receptor (PAFR). Radioligand binding assays are performed using membrane preparations expressing PAFR. The compound is incubated with a labeled PAFR ligand, and displacement of the labeled ligand is measured to determine binding affinity. Signaling assays such as GTPγS binding may also be used to assess receptor activation.
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| Cell Assay |
Cell Viability Assay[1]
Cell Types: Cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) from PAFR−/− and PAFR+/+ mice Tested Concentrations: 0.5-1.5 μM Incubation Duration: 24 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Elicited significant concentration-dependent neuronal loss in PAFR−/− but not PAFR+/+ cultures in serum-free media. Western Blot Analysis[1] Cell Types: CGNs Tested Concentrations: 1 μM Incubation Duration: 24 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Activated caspase 7 but not caspase 3 in PAFR−/− neurons. The in vitro cell-based assay for C16-PAF involves treating cells expressing PAFR with the compound and measuring downstream signaling and functional responses. Cells are treated with C16-PAF, and activation of MAPK and MEK/ERK pathways is assessed by Western blotting with phospho-specific antibodies. Platelet aggregation, leukocyte activation, and changes in vascular permeability may also be measured in relevant cell types. Anti-apoptotic effects are assessed by measuring caspase activity and cell viability. |
| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments for C16-PAF are conducted in models of inflammation, thrombosis, and vascular permeability. Animals are administered C16-PAF via appropriate routes (e.g., intravenous), and physiological responses such as platelet aggregation, leukocyte activation, vasodilation, and increased vascular permeability are measured. The compound is used to study the role of PAFR signaling in inflammatory and thrombotic conditions.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Detailed pharmacokinetic properties of C16-PAF are not extensively reported. The compound has a molecular weight of 523.68 g/mol and a molecular formula of C26H54NO7P. As a phospholipid mediator, it is expected to have rapid metabolism and clearance. Further pharmacokinetic studies are needed to determine its half-life, bioavailability, and tissue distribution.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
C16-PAF is an endogenous phospholipid mediator and is typically used at physiological concentrations in research studies. Toxicological data are not extensively documented as it is a naturally occurring molecule. At high concentrations, it may induce excessive inflammation and thrombosis. The compound is classified for research use only and is not intended for human therapeutic use.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine is a 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine betaine, with the alkyl group being hexadecyl. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a potent phospholipid activator and a mediator of various leukocyte functions, including platelet aggregation, inflammation, and allergic reactions. It acts as a β-adrenergic antagonist, antihypertensive, bronchoconstrictor, hemoregulator, and vasodilator. PAF is a phosphatidylcholine derivative that modulates inflammation, vascular permeability, allergic reactions, and leukocyte and platelet function. It is a phospholipid derivative produced by platelets, basophils, neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages. It is a potent platelet aggregator that can induce systemic allergic symptoms, including hypotension, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, and bronchoconstriction.
C16-PAF (PAF (C16), CAS 74389-68-7) is a phospholipid mediator that functions as a platelet-activating factor and a ligand for the PAF G protein-coupled receptor (PAFR). It has a molecular weight of 523.68 g/mol and a formula of C26H54NO7P. It is a potent activator of MAPK and MEK/ERK signaling and exhibits anti-apoptotic effects. It is used in research on inflammation, thrombosis, and vascular biology. It is not approved for clinical use. |
| Molecular Formula |
C26H54NO7P
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| Molecular Weight |
523.68
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| Exact Mass |
523.363
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| CAS # |
74389-68-7
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| PubChem CID |
108156
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| LogP |
3.94
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
7
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
26
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| Heavy Atom Count |
35
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| Complexity |
546
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
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| SMILES |
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC[C@H](COP(=O)([O-])OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)C
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| InChi Key |
HVAUUPRFYPCOCA-AREMUKBSSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C26H54NO7P/c1-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19-21-31-23-26(34-25(2)28)24-33-35(29,30)32-22-20-27(3,4)5/h26H,6-24H2,1-5H3/t26-/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
[(2R)-2-acetyloxy-3-hexadecoxypropyl] 2-(trimethylazaniumyl)ethyl phosphate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: 50 mg/mL (95.48 mM)
H2O: 33.33 mg/mL (63.65 mM) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 2.5 mg/mL (4.77 mM) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with sonication.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.77 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.9096 mL | 9.5478 mL | 19.0956 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3819 mL | 1.9096 mL | 3.8191 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1910 mL | 0.9548 mL | 1.9096 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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