![1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (Triethylenediamine)](/upload/1124/V69041.png)
| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 500g |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane does not have a specific primary biological target, as it functions primarily as a chemical catalyst and reagent rather than a direct pharmacological agent. However, its strong nucleophilicity and basicity allow it to interact with various enzymes, proteins, and other biomolecules. The compound can act as a nucleophilic catalyst in biochemical reactions, facilitating the formation of carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds. It can also act as a base, deprotonating acidic substrates and activating them for subsequent reactions. In fluorescence microscopy, the compound acts as an anti-fade reagent by scavenging free radicals generated during fluorochrome excitation, thereby preserving fluorescence signal. Its ability to complex with metal ions may also influence its interactions with metalloenzymes and other metal-dependent biological processes.
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| ln Vitro |
4,4-Dimethylcyclohexanone is employed as an intermediary in pharmaceuticals.
In vitro, 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane is used as a catalyst in Baylis-Hillman and Michael additions. It serves as a complexing ligand, in dye lasers, and as an anti-fade reagent in fluorescence microscopy. The compound is used as a scavenger of free radicals and as a polyurethane catalyst. In biochemical research, it is used as a reagent for studying enzyme-catalyzed reactions and as a buffer component in certain assays. Its strong nucleophilicity makes it useful for catalyzing acylation and phosphorylation reactions. The compound's ability to form complexes with metal ions makes it useful for studying metalloenzymes and other metal-dependent processes. In organic synthesis, it is a versatile catalyst for various carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo studies are not typically performed with 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, as it is primarily a chemical catalyst rather than a pharmacological agent. The compound is not intended for administration to living organisms. Its use as a polyurethane catalyst and in other industrial applications means that occupational exposure may occur, but comprehensive in vivo studies on the parent compound are not documented. Toxicity and pharmacological profiles are generally inferred from related amines, as specific in vivo studies on this compound are limited.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Cell-free assays involving 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane are focused on its use as a chemical catalyst. Standard protocols for Baylis-Hillman reactions involve mixing an aldehyde, an activated alkene, and DABCO (20-30 mol%) in a solvent at room temperature. The reaction progress is monitored by TLC, and the product is purified by column chromatography. For Michael additions, the compound is used as a base to activate nucleophiles. The compound's catalytic activity can be studied using various analytical techniques, including NMR spectroscopy and GC-MS. Its use as an anti-fade reagent involves adding the compound to fluorescence microscopy samples to scavenge free radicals and preserve fluorescence signal.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays are not commonly performed with 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane due to its primary role as a chemical catalyst. The compound is not used as a test article in cell-based experiments because of its potential to cause non-specific effects due to its basicity and nucleophilicity. Instead, the compound is used as a reagent in the synthesis of drug candidates that are subsequently tested in cellular assays. For example, compounds synthesized using DABCO as a catalyst may be evaluated in cell-based systems for their biological activity. However, the parent compound itself is not used in cellular assays.
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| Animal Protocol |
Animal studies are not typically conducted with 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane. The compound is a chemical reagent and is not intended for administration to animals. Toxicity and pharmacological profiles for the parent compound are inferred from related amines, as specific studies on the parent compound are not documented. Occupational exposure to the compound may occur in industrial settings, but comprehensive toxicological evaluation in animals has not been performed.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic data for 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane are not well characterized. As a small polar diamine with a molecular weight of 112.17 g/mol, it is water-soluble (460 g/L) and expected to have limited membrane permeability. The compound is hygroscopic and sublimes readily. However, comprehensive pharmacokinetic studies, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, have not been performed, as the compound is not intended for therapeutic use. For research purposes, the compound is typically handled as a neat chemical and not administered to living organisms for pharmacokinetic profiling.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Non-Human Toxicity Values
Oral LD50 in rats: 1700 mg/kg Oral LD50 in rabbits: 1100 mg/kg Oral LD50 in guinea pigs: 2250 mg/kg Toxicological data for 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane are limited. The compound is hygroscopic, sublimes readily, and has a sharp ammonia-like odor. Standard safety precautions for handling amines apply, including the use of personal protective equipment such as gloves and safety goggles. The compound should be handled in a well-ventilated area, and contact with skin and eyes should be avoided. In case of exposure, affected areas should be rinsed thoroughly with water. The compound is not classified as a carcinogen or mutagen based on available data, but comprehensive toxicological evaluation has not been performed. As with all research chemicals, it should be handled with care and used only in accordance with safety guidelines. |
| Additional Infomation |
Triethylenediamine is an organic heterobicyclic compound with a piperazine ring structure, where ethane-1,2-diyl groups are bridged by N1 and N4. It is commonly used as a catalyst in polymerization reactions. Triethylenediamine possesses multiple functions as a catalyst, reagent, and antioxidant. It is a bridged ring compound, a tertiary amine compound, a saturated organic heterobicyclic parent compound, and a diamine.
1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane is a research chemical, not an approved drug. It has no clinical trial or marketing approval status for therapeutic use. The compound is used as a catalyst in Baylis-Hillman and Michael additions, as a complexing ligand, in dye lasers, and as an anti-fade reagent in fluorescence microscopy. It is a biochemical reagent that can be used as a biological material or organic compound for life science related research. It is also used as an anti-fade reagent that scavenges free radicals generated during fluorochrome excitation. In industrial applications, it is used as a polyurethane catalyst and as a scavenger of free radicals. The compound is hygroscopic, sublimes readily, and has a sharp ammonia-like odor. It should be stored in a cool, dry place away from incompatible materials. |
| Molecular Formula |
C6H12N2
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| Molecular Weight |
112.17
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| Exact Mass |
112.1
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| CAS # |
280-57-9
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| Related CAS # |
1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-d12;119451-78-4
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| PubChem CID |
9237
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| Appearance |
Colorless hygroscopic crystals
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| Density |
1.1±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
174.0±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
158 °C
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| Flash Point |
62.2±0.0 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
1.2±0.3 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.561
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| LogP |
-0.85
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
0
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| Heavy Atom Count |
8
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| Complexity |
61.5
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
N12C([H])([H])C([H])([H])N(C([H])([H])C1([H])[H])C([H])([H])C2([H])[H]
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| InChi Key |
IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C6H12N2/c1-2-8-5-3-7(1)4-6-8/h1-6H2
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| Chemical Name |
1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: (1). This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. (2). Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: 100 mg/mL (891.50 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (22.29 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (22.29 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (22.29 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 8.9150 mL | 44.5752 mL | 89.1504 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.7830 mL | 8.9150 mL | 17.8301 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.8915 mL | 4.4575 mL | 8.9150 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Link: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02954458
Conditions:Short Bowel SyndromeLink: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03860688
Conditions:HyperlipidemiasProducts are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
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