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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
5-Fluoroindole does not have a defined pharmacological target of its own, as it is a synthetic intermediate. As a fluorinated indole, it serves as a building block for the synthesis of various biologically active compounds. It is used in the synthesis of Spirotetrahydro β-Carbolines (Spiroindolones), which are a new class of potent and orally efficacious compounds for the treatment of malaria.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, 5-fluoroindole is primarily used as a chemical reagent and synthetic intermediate. It is a reactant used in various syntheses, including the synthesis of Spirotetrahydro β-Carbolines (Spiroindolones) for the treatment of malaria. As a fluorinated indole, it is a common building block for the construction of drug-like molecules through various synthetic transformations in medicinal chemistry.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo activity data for 5-fluoroindole itself are not available, as the compound is not intended for direct in vivo administration. Rather, it is a precursor used in the synthesis of drug candidates such as Spiroindolones that are subsequently evaluated in animal models. The compound's in vivo relevance is indirect, through the biological activities of the final pharmaceutical compounds derived from its fluoroindole scaffold.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For in vitro chemical synthesis, 5-fluoroindole is used as a building block for the preparation of various compounds. The indole nitrogen can be alkylated or acylated. The 5-fluoro substituent can participate in nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. The indole ring can undergo electrophilic substitution reactions at the 3-position. Standard protocols involve reacting the compound with appropriate reagents under controlled conditions, such as using bases for N-alkylation or electrophiles for C-3 functionalization.
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| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cell-based experiments, 5-fluoroindole is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of compounds that are tested in cell viability, proliferation, and cytotoxicity assays. The compound itself is not typically evaluated in cell-based assays. Standard cell culture protocols for test compounds synthesized from this intermediate involve dissolving the final product in DMSO and diluting to working concentrations in appropriate cell culture medium.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies using 5-fluoroindole are conducted on the final drug compounds synthesized from it, not on the intermediate itself. For antimalarial Spiroindolones derived from this building block, efficacy studies would typically be performed in mouse models of malaria infection. Standard in vivo protocols involve administration to rodents via oral gavage, with measurement of parasitemia and survival as endpoints.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of 5-fluoroindole as a standalone compound are not characterized in the literature. The compound has a molecular weight of 135.14 g/mol, which is very favorable for oral bioavailability. The fluorine atom may influence metabolic stability and lipophilicity. The indole scaffold is expected to have reasonable membrane permeability. Empirical pharmacokinetic data are not available for this intermediate compound.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
5-Fluoroindole is a research chemical and should be handled with appropriate laboratory safety precautions. As an organofluorine compound, it may cause skin and eye irritation. The compound is for research use only and not for human therapeutic or diagnostic applications. Specific LD₅₀ values, acute toxicity classifications, and chronic toxicity data are not available in the public literature. Standard safety practices include the use of personal protective equipment and working in a fume hood.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
5-Fluoroindole is an organofluorine compound and a 5-fluoro derivative of indole.
5-Fluoroindole (CAS 399-52-0) is primarily a research-grade chemical intermediate, not an FDA-approved pharmaceutical drug. Its primary applications are as a reactant in the synthesis of Spirotetrahydro β-Carbolines for malaria treatment and as a building block for organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry. No clinical trials or approved therapeutic indications exist for this compound. |
| Molecular Formula |
C8H6FN
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
135.14
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| Exact Mass |
135.048
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| CAS # |
399-52-0
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| Related CAS # |
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis-IN-5
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| PubChem CID |
67861
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| Appearance |
White to light brown solid powder
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| Density |
1.3±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
258.0±13.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
45-48 °C(lit.)
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| Flash Point |
109.9±19.8 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.5 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.646
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| LogP |
2.28
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
1
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
0
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| Heavy Atom Count |
10
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| Complexity |
126
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
C1=CC2=C(C=CN2)C=C1F
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| InChi Key |
ODFFPRGJZRXNHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C8H6FN/c9-7-1-2-8-6(5-7)3-4-10-8/h1-5,10H
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| Chemical Name |
5-fluoro-1H-indole
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: (1). This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. (2). Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: ~100 mg/mL (~740.0 mM; with ultrasonication)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (18.50 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween-80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), Clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL of PEG300 and mix well; then add 50 μL of Tween-80 and mix well; finally add 450 μL of physiological saline and adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (18.50 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), Clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD saline and mix well. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (18.50 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), Clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL of corn oil and mix well. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 7.3997 mL | 36.9987 mL | 73.9973 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.4799 mL | 7.3997 mL | 14.7995 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.7400 mL | 3.6999 mL | 7.3997 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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