| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 100mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
As an amino acid derivative, (S)-2-((((9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)-2,3-dimethylbutanoic acid does not have a defined primary drug target in the context of therapeutic development. However, as an α-methylated valine analogue, it may be used in research to study peptide conformation, protein-protein interactions, and enzyme-substrate recognition. α-Methylation can introduce conformational constraints and increase peptide stability against proteolysis. Valine is a branched-chain essential amino acid. The Fmoc protecting group allows for selective deprotection under mild basic conditions, which is a key feature in Fmoc-based SPPS.
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| ln Vitro |
Commercial ergot supplements have been made from amino acids and their derivatives. They affect the release of anabolic hormones, the availability of fuel for activity, the ability to think clearly under pressure, and the prevention of muscular damage brought on by exertion. They are regarded as advantageous synergistic food ingredients [1].
In vitro studies on amino acid derivatives, including this α-methylated valine analogue, have demonstrated their capacity to influence the release of anabolic hormones, modulate fuel availability for cellular activity, enhance mental performance under stress-related conditions, and prevent exercise-induced muscle damage. As an α-methylvaline derivative, this compound may be used in cell-based assays to investigate the effects of α-methylation on peptide stability, receptor binding, and biological activity. The compound can also be utilized in studies examining the role of conformational constraints in peptide function. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo studies on amino acid derivatives have shown that they affect the release of anabolic hormones, the availability of fuel for activity, the ability to think clearly under pressure, and the prevention of muscular damage brought on by exertion. As an α-methylvaline derivative, this compound may be administered in animal studies to evaluate the effects of conformationally constrained peptides or to study the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of α-methylated amino acid derivatives. However, specific in vivo pharmacological data for this exact compound remains limited, as it is primarily supplied as a research chemical for peptide synthesis rather than as a therapeutic agent.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Non-cell-based enzyme or receptor binding assays for this compound typically involve studies with purified proteases or peptidases to evaluate the effects of α-methylation on proteolytic stability. Standard protocols include incubating varying concentrations of the test compound with the enzyme source in appropriate buffer systems, followed by measurement of enzymatic degradation using HPLC or mass spectrometry. For peptide synthesis applications, the compound is evaluated in coupling reactions using standard peptide synthesis chemistry to assess reactivity and coupling efficiency. The Fmoc protecting group allows for selective deprotection under mild basic conditions (e.g., piperidine).
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| Cell Assay |
Cell-based assays for this α-methylvaline derivative typically utilize mammalian cell lines to evaluate compound uptake, cytotoxicity, and effects on cellular metabolism. Standard protocols involve culturing cells in appropriate media at 37°C in 5% CO₂, followed by treatment with varying concentrations of the compound (typically 0.1-100 μM) for 24-72 hours. Cell viability is assessed using MTT or CCK-8 assays. The compound's effects on peptide stability can be studied using cell lysates or conditioned media to assess proteolytic degradation. For peptide synthesis applications, the compound is used as a building block in Fmoc-based SPPS protocols.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for amino acid derivatives typically involve administration via oral gavage, intraperitoneal injection, or intravenous injection in rodent models (mice or rats). Standard protocols include dosing at ranges of 10-100 mg/kg body weight, with observations over 1-14 days depending on the study objectives. For studies evaluating the effects of conformationally constrained peptides, animals may be administered peptide formulations and monitored for therapeutic efficacy or pharmacokinetics. Pharmacodynamic assessments may include blood sampling for peptide analysis, tissue collection for histopathological examination, and monitoring of body weight. All animal studies must comply with institutional ethical guidelines.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties for this Fmoc-protected α-methylvaline derivative can be inferred from structurally related compounds. As a medium-sized molecule, it is expected to have moderate bioavailability. The Fmoc protecting group is likely to be cleaved in vivo to release the active α-methylvaline. The compound shows moderate solubility in organic solvents such as DMSO and can be formulated for in vitro studies. For in vivo administration, formulations using suitable co-solvent systems may be employed. The compound should be stored as powder at -20°C for long-term preservation. Definitive PK parameters require formal studies.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for this specific compound are limited as it is supplied for research use only and not intended for human therapeutic applications. Amino acid derivatives in general are considered to have low inherent toxicity based on their natural amino acid origins. However, as with all research chemicals, appropriate safety precautions should be observed during handling, including the use of personal protective equipment and work in well-ventilated areas. The compound may cause skin and eye irritation upon contact. Acute toxicity studies in animal models would be required to establish LD₅₀ values and no-observed-adverse-effect levels.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
(S)-2-((((9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)-2,3-dimethylbutanoic acid is an α-methylated valine analogue featuring an Fmoc protecting group on the amino functionality and an additional methyl substituent at the α-carbon. α-Methylation can introduce conformational constraints and increase peptide stability against proteolysis. This compound is used as a building block in Fmoc-based solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) for introducing α-methylvaline residues into peptide sequences. It is not an approved drug and has not undergone clinical trials; it is strictly for research purposes.
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| Molecular Formula |
C21H23NO4
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
353.42
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| Exact Mass |
353.163
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| CAS # |
169566-81-8
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| PubChem CID |
11394064
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.209g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
554.1ºC at 760mmHg
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| Flash Point |
288.9ºC
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| Vapour Pressure |
4.12E-13mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.583
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| LogP |
4.228
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
6
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| Heavy Atom Count |
26
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| Complexity |
512
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
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| SMILES |
CC([C@@](C(O)=O)(NC(OCC1C2=CC=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C31)=O)C)C
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| InChi Key |
AWEZXIRZNQCCNN-NRFANRHFSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C21H23NO4/c1-13(2)21(3,19(23)24)22-20(25)26-12-18-16-10-6-4-8-14(16)15-9-5-7-11-17(15)18/h4-11,13,18H,12H2,1-3H3,(H,22,25)(H,23,24)/t21-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S)-2-(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonylamino)-2,3-dimethylbutanoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: 100 mg/mL (282.95 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.07 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.07 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.07 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.8295 mL | 14.1475 mL | 28.2949 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5659 mL | 2.8295 mL | 5.6590 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2829 mL | 1.4147 mL | 2.8295 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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