| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 100mg |
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| 500mg |
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| 1g | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
HD-Phe-Pip-Arg-pNA dihydrochloride specifically targets thrombin, a serine protease that plays a central role in the coagulation cascade. The substrate mimics the N-terminal sequence of the fibrinogen α-chain, the natural substrate for thrombin.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
The compound is a chromogenic substrate specifically designed for thrombin activity assessment. Thrombin cleaves the substrate at the Arg-pNA bond, releasing the chromophore p-nitroaniline (pNA), which can be quantified spectrophotometrically. The AT-III assay using H-D-Phe-Pip-Arg-pNA dihydrochloride is sensitive, accurate, and easy to perform.
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| ln Vivo |
The compound is used to measure antithrombin-heparin cofactor (AT-III) activity in plasma samples. The AT-III assay is widely used in clinical and research settings to assess coagulation status.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme assays for HD-Phe-Pip-Arg-pNA dihydrochloride involve incubating the chromogenic substrate with thrombin in appropriate buffer conditions. Thrombin cleaves the substrate, releasing p-nitroaniline (pNA), which is measured spectrophotometrically at 405 nm. The rate of pNA release is proportional to thrombin activity. IC₅₀ values for thrombin inhibitors can be determined by measuring the inhibition of substrate cleavage.
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| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cellular experiments, the compound is typically used in cell-free systems for thrombin activity assays. The substrate can be added to plasma samples or purified thrombin preparations to assess enzyme activity. The chromogenic readout provides a simple and quantitative measure of thrombin activity.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments with HD-Phe-Pip-Arg-pNA dihydrochloride are not typically performed, as the compound is used as an in vitro diagnostic substrate. However, the substrate can be used to measure thrombin activity in plasma samples collected from animal models.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of HD-Phe-Pip-Arg-pNA dihydrochloride have not been characterized, as the compound is a research-use chromogenic substrate rather than a drug candidate. The compound has a molecular weight of 625.55 g/mol and a molecular formula of C₂₇H₃₈Cl₂N₈O₅. It is soluble in water and DMSO. The compound should be stored as powder at -20°C.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for HD-Phe-Pip-Arg-pNA dihydrochloride has not been systematically evaluated, as the compound is intended for research applications only and not for therapeutic use. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be observed when handling this chemical reagent.
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| References |
[1]. Goodnight SH Jr, et al. Measurement of antithrombin III in normal and pathologic states using chromogenic substrate S-2238. Comparison with immunoelectrophoretic and factor Xa inhibition assays. Am J Clin Pathol. 1980;73(5):639-647.
[2]. Voorthuizen H, Kluft C. Improved assay conditions for automated antithrombin III determinations with the chromogenic substrate S-2238. Thromb Haemost. 1984;52(3):350-353. |
| Additional Infomation |
HD-Phe-Pip-Arg-pNA dihydrochloride (S-2238 dihydrochloride) is a chromogenic substrate specific for thrombin that mimics the N-terminal sequence of the fibrinogen α-chain. The compound is widely used to measure antithrombin-heparin cofactor (AT-III) activity in plasma. The AT-III assay is sensitive, accurate, and easy to perform. The compound has no clinical or therapeutic applications and has not received regulatory approval.
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| Molecular Formula |
C27H38CL2N8O5
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
625.55
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| Exact Mass |
552.28
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| CAS # |
62354-65-8
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| Related CAS # |
H-D-Phe-Pip-Arg-pNA hydrochloride;160192-34-7;H-D-Phe-Pip-Arg-pNA acetate;115388-96-0;H-D-Phe-Pip-Arg-pNA;64815-81-2
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| PubChem CID |
123853
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
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| LogP |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
5
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
7
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
11
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| Heavy Atom Count |
40
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| Complexity |
892
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
3
|
| SMILES |
C1CCN([C@@H](C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCN=C(N)N)C(=O)NC2=CC=C(C=C2)[N+](=O)[O-])C(=O)[C@@H](CC3=CC=CC=C3)N
|
| InChi Key |
YDMBNDUHUNWWRP-VJBWXMMDSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C27H36N8O5/c28-21(17-18-7-2-1-3-8-18)26(38)34-16-5-4-10-23(34)25(37)33-22(9-6-15-31-27(29)30)24(36)32-19-11-13-20(14-12-19)35(39)40/h1-3,7-8,11-14,21-23H,4-6,9-10,15-17,28H2,(H,32,36)(H,33,37)(H4,29,30,31)/t21-,22+,23+/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S)-1-[(2R)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanoyl]-N-[(2S)-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)-1-(4-nitroanilino)-1-oxopentan-2-yl]piperidine-2-carboxamide
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O: 125 mg/mL (199.82 mM)
DMSO: 125 mg/mL (199.82 mM) |
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (3.33 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (3.33 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (3.33 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.5986 mL | 7.9930 mL | 15.9859 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3197 mL | 1.5986 mL | 3.1972 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1599 mL | 0.7993 mL | 1.5986 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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