For micropropagation, thiadiazuron is a plant growth regulator added to media like Skoog and Murashige. Thidiazuron encourages both plant regeneration and organogenesis, or shoot regeneration.

Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
[(14)C-aniline] thidiazuron was fed at a dose exaggeration of 1.9x to a lactating cow at a rate of 10 ppm for seven days. The animal was sacrificed within 24 hours of administration of the final dose. Parent equivalent radioactivity found was 0.05 ppm, 0.1 ppm, 1.5 ppm, and 1.0 ppm in fat, muscle, kidney and liver, respectively. Radioactivity reached a plateau in milk on the second day (0.2 ppm). Analysis was performed using HPLC and TLC.
[(14)C-aniline] thidiazuron was fed once daily at a dose exaggeration of 100x to six hens for fourteen days at a rate of 8 ppm. Radioactivity did not plateau in eggs during this period. All tissues were first treated with protease and beta-glucuronidase prior to extraction. Parent equivalent radioactivity found was 0.02 ppm, 0.27 ppm, 1.11 ppm, 0.66 ppm, 0.10 ppm, 0.10 ppm and 0.34 ppm in fat, gastrointestinal tract, gastro-intestinal tract contents, liver, muscle, skin and blood, respectively.
In a metabolism study groups of male and female Sprague-Dawley CD rats were dosed with (14)C-thidiazuron [((14)C-aniline) thidiazuron or ((14)C-thiadizaole) thidiazuron (purity: >97% a.i.; batch No: 1695-3 and 1695-4)] at a single oral gavage dose (10 or 1000 mg/kg) or 14-day repeated oral doses of thidiazuron at 10 mg/kg followed by a single oral dose of (14)C-thidiazuron at 10 mg/kg ... The results of the pilot study showed that less than 0.2% of administered radioactivity was eliminated as (14)CO2 from administration of either ((14)C-aniline) thidiazuron or ((14)C-thiadizaole) thidiazuron. In addition, the study showed no significant differences in the percentages eliminated through urine or feces from administration of the two radiolabeled forms. Absorption of thidiazuron was rapid but incomplete at both doses, and appeared decreased at the high dose relative to the low dose. Elimination of thidiazuron was relatively rapid at the single low oral dose level. The major route of elimination was shown to be via urine. The single low, single high, and multiple low oral dose studies indicate that the total radioactivity recovered within 5 days after dosing in the urine and feces were 91-104% of administered dose. At the low dose, the radioactivity recovered in the urine and feces was 60-66% and 29-31% of the dose over a 5-day period, respectively. At the repeated low oral dose, the radioactivity recovered in the urine and feces was 73-75% and 26-28% of the dose over a 5-day period, respectively. At the high dose, the radioactivity recovered in the urine and feces was 41-47% and 56-60% of the dose over a 5-day period, respectively. Administration of a single high dose resulted in a decreased percentage of thidiazuron derived radioactivity eliminated in urine (approximately 20%), with concomitant rise in fecal elimination. This alteration is likely due to reduced absorption of test material at the high dose. Terminal tissue distribution data showed that highest concentrations of thidiazuron derived radioactivity at sacrifice were found in the liver, kidneys, thyroid, whole blood and adrenals at both low and high doses. Repeated oral dosing did not significantly affect distribution of thidiazuron derived radioactivity.
In a dermal penetration study Thidiazuron (99.9 %a.i., batch # OR 1844 (SEL/1098), [phenyl-U-(14)C]-thidiazuron) was administered to 5 male Sprague Dawley CD rats/dose to a 12 sq cm area of the back in a formulation and water dilution thereof at dose levels of 5.0, 0.04 and 0.004 mg/sq cm ... The mean total recoveries were in the range 88% and 99.54% dose for all groups. The amount in the stratum corneum was 0.73%, 10.68% and 8.14% at 24 hours for the high, middle and low dose groups respectively after a 24-hours exposure and 0.41%, 3.24% and 5.37% at 120 hours following 8-hours exposure for the high, middle and low dose groups respectively. However, the results showed that the majority of the radioactive material in the stratum corneum was lost by desquamation and upward renewal of the stratum corneum with time.
Thidiazuron (N-phenyl-N'-1,2,3-thiadiazol- 5-ylurea) cotton defoliant was administered for 10 consecutive days to lactating goats and laying hens. The vast majority of the radioactive material (> 70%) was eliminated in goat urine and feces; less than 1.5% of the administered radioactivity was in the milk. Hens excreted 72% of the total consumed radioactive material during the 10-day feeding period. In addition to the parent compound, which was present in low levels in goat milk and in chicken excreta, eggs, liver, and kidney, N-4-hydroxyphenyl- N'-1,2,3-thiol-5- ylurea or 4-hydroxyphenyl thidiazuron and phenylurea were detected. 4-Hydroxyphenyl thidiazuron was the major thidiazuron metabolite and was present in the free and/or conjugated form in goat and hen excreta, milk, eggs, and certain tissues. Phenylurea was detected only in goat urine. Other unidentified compounds also were present.

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Metabolism / Metabolites
Thidiazuron (N-phenyl-N'-1,2,3-thiadiazol- 5-ylurea) cotton defoliant was administered for 10 consecutive days to lactating goats and laying hens. The vast majority of the radioactive material (> 70%) was eliminated in goat urine and feces; less than 1.5% of the administered radioactivity was in the milk. Hens excreted 72% of the total consumed radioactive material during the 10-day feeding period. In addition to the parent compound, which was present in low levels in goat milk and in chicken excreta, eggs, liver, and kidney, N-4-hydroxyphenyl- N'-1,2,3-thiol-5- ylurea or 4-hydroxyphenyl thidiazuron and phenylurea were detected. 4-Hydroxyphenyl thidiazuron was the major thidiazuron metabolite and was present in the free and/or conjugated form in goat and hen excreta, milk, eggs, and certain tissues. Phenylurea was detected only in goat urine. Other unidentified compounds also were present.
/In/ an oral metabolism study in rats ... identification of urinary metabolites indicated the presence of oxidative metabolite (4-hydroxy thidiazuron) in urine and the presence of sulfate and glucuronide conjugates of 4-hydroxy thidiazuron. In feces, the major metabolites identified were 4-hydroxy thidiazuron at the low dose and unmetabolized thidiazuron at the high dose.

Toxicity Summary
The US EPA has found no information indicating thidiazuron shares a common mechanism of toxicity with other substances. (L2080)

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Toxicity Data
LC50 (rat) > 3,480 mg/m3
LD50 > 2 g/kg (L2080).

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Non-Human Toxicity Values
LD50 Rat dermal >4000 mg/kg.
LD50 Rat oral > 2000 mg/kg
LD50 Rat dermal > 5000 mg/kg
LD50 Rat oral 5350 mg/kg
For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for Thidiazuron (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Thidiazuron is a member of ureas.
Thidiazuron has been reported in Nymphaea alba with data available.
Thidiazuron is an herbicide and defoliant plant growth regulator used particularly in cotton crops. It is absorbed by leaves.

C9H8N4OS

220.25

220.041

51707-55-2

40087

Colorless crystals

1.5±0.1 g/cm3

410.5±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg

213°C

202.1±31.5 °C

0.0±1.0 mmHg at 25°C

1.722

1.81

2

4

2

15

220

0

O=C(NC1=CN=NS1)NC2=CC=CC=C2

HFCYZXMHUIHAQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C9H8N4OS/c14-9(12-8-6-10-13-15-8)11-7-4-2-1-3-5-7/h1-6H,(H2,11,12,14)

1-phenyl-3-(thiadiazol-5-yl)urea

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

DMSO: 100 mg/mL (454.03 mM)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (11.35 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution.

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Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (11.35 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.

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Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (11.35 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly.

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 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)