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| Targets |
Triton X-114 is a nonionic detergent that does not have specific biological receptors as its primary targets. Its mechanism of action is based on its surfactant properties, which allow it to solubilize membrane proteins by disrupting lipid-lipid and lipid-protein interactions. The compound's low cloud point (23°C) enables temperature-induced phase separation. At temperatures above the cloud point, the detergent solution separates into an aqueous phase and a detergent-enriched phase, allowing for the partitioning of hydrophobic membrane proteins into the detergent phase. This property is useful for the separation of intrinsic membrane proteins.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Triton X-114 is used as a nonionic detergent for solubilizing membranes and separating intrinsic membrane proteins via phase separation. It is used to remove endotoxin from protein solutions and in the extraction and purification of DNA from endotoxin. The compound's surfactant properties make it valuable for various biochemical applications, including cell lysis, protein extraction, and membrane studies. Cellular assays may evaluate its effects on cell membranes, protein solubilization, or cytotoxicity. The compound's phase separation property is exploited for the enrichment of membrane proteins.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo data for Triton X-114 is limited, as it is primarily used as an in vitro research reagent and detergent. The compound is classified for research use only and is not intended for human or veterinary therapeutic applications. Its surfactant properties and potential for membrane disruption would likely limit its systemic use. The compound's primary applications are in biochemical research for protein and DNA purification. Specific in vivo data for the parent compound is not available in the public literature. The compound is not a therapeutic candidate.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro assays for Triton X-114 typically evaluate its detergent properties, protein solubilization efficiency, or phase separation behavior. A standard protocol involves preparing a solution of the detergent in buffer at a concentration above its critical micelle concentration (typically 0.5-2%). For phase separation, the solution is incubated at a temperature above the cloud point (e.g., 37°C) and centrifuged to separate the aqueous and detergent phases. Protein partitioning is assessed by analyzing the protein content in each phase using SDS-PAGE or other methods. Endotoxin removal is evaluated using LAL assays.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays for Triton X-114 typically evaluate its effects on cell membranes or cytotoxicity. A standard protocol involves culturing mammalian cell lines in growth medium at 37°C with 5% CO₂. Cells are treated with varying concentrations of the detergent (typically 0.01-1%) for defined time periods. Cell viability is assessed using MTT or similar assays. Membrane integrity is evaluated by measuring lactate dehydrogenase release or using fluorescent membrane permeability dyes. The compound's effects on membrane protein extraction can be evaluated by analyzing protein content in cell lysates.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for Triton X-114 are not standard, as it is primarily an in vitro research reagent and detergent. The compound is classified for research use only and is not intended for human or veterinary applications. Any animal studies would be limited to toxicological evaluations of the compound as an industrial chemical or detergent. The compound's surfactant properties and membrane-disrupting activity suggest potential for irritation and toxicity. Specific in vivo protocols are not available in the public literature.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic data for Triton X-114 is limited, as it is primarily an in vitro research reagent. The compound has an average molecular weight of 427 g/mol and is a liquid at room temperature with a density of 1.06 g/cm³. It has a boiling point >200°C and a flash point >230°F. The compound is soluble in water, ethanol, acetone, and toluene, but insoluble in petroleum ether. As a large surfactant molecule, it is expected to have limited systemic absorption. Specific ADME data is not available.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Triton X-114 is classified as a hazardous substance (UN 3082, ADR 9, III). Standard safety precautions include handling with appropriate personal protective equipment (gloves, lab coat, safety goggles) in a well-ventilated area. The compound should be stored in a dry, cool place away from incompatible materials. Acute toxicity data is limited. As with all research chemicals, appropriate laboratory safety practices should be followed. No specific LD₅₀ values or detailed toxicological profiles are available in the public domain.
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| Additional Infomation |
Triton X-114 (Polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether, CAS 9036-19-5) is a nonionic detergent and biochemical reagent with an average molecular weight of 427 g/mol. It is used for solubilizing membranes, separating intrinsic membrane proteins via phase separation, removing endotoxin, and purifying DNA. The compound is classified as a research-use-only compound not intended for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. It is available from multiple commercial suppliers in various pack sizes. No clinical trials or approved drug status exist for this compound as it is not a therapeutic agent. Its applications are limited to research.
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| Molecular Formula |
(C2H4O)NC14H22O
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
294.43
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| Exact Mass |
294.219
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| CAS # |
9036-19-5
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| Appearance |
Colorless to light yellow liquid（Density：1.06 g/cm3）
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| Density |
1.0±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
402.6±35.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
-5.99 °C
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| Flash Point |
197.3±25.9 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.0 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.493
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| LogP |
4.53
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| SMILES |
C(O)COCCOC1=CC=C(C(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C)C=C1
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: 100 mg/mL
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (Infinity mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (Infinity mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (Infinity mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.3964 mL | 16.9820 mL | 33.9639 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6793 mL | 3.3964 mL | 6.7928 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3396 mL | 1.6982 mL | 3.3964 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
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