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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
ACES does not have a specific biological target as it is a buffer reagent rather than a pharmacologically active compound. Its function is to maintain stable pH conditions in biochemical systems rather than to interact with specific receptors or enzymes. However, studies have investigated the potential inhibition of ACES and other Good's buffers in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor binding to rat brain synaptic membranes, suggesting that at high concentrations, certain buffers may interfere with receptor-ligand interactions. Under normal buffering conditions (10-50 mM), ACES is considered biologically inert and does not exert direct pharmacological effects on cellular targets.
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| ln Vitro |
ACES exhibits no intrinsic pharmacological activity as it functions exclusively as a pH buffering agent. In vitro, ACES is used to maintain physiological pH in a wide range of biochemical assays, including enzyme activity measurements, protein purification, and nucleic acid analysis. It has been utilized in the analysis of bacterial autolysins in discontinuous SDS-PAGE systems and in studies of bacterial spore thermal inactivation under pH-shift conditions. ACES does not participate in or inhibit biochemical reactions directly, but instead provides a stable ionic environment that supports the activity of enzymes and other biomolecules.
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| ln Vivo |
ACES is not a pharmacologically active agent and therefore does not exhibit in vivo activity in the traditional sense. Its biological effects are limited to pH maintenance when used as a buffer in experimental systems. ACES has been employed in studies of *Listeria monocytogenes* survival under high hydrostatic pressure and in investigations of starch depolymerization by α-amylase during pressure exposure. In these contexts, ACES provides a controlled pH environment that enables researchers to isolate and study specific biological phenomena without confounding variables related to pH fluctuation. No direct therapeutic or physiological effects are attributed to ACES itself.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme/receptor binding assays involving ACES typically use the compound as a buffer component rather than as a test agent. A standard protocol involves preparing ACES buffer at concentrations ranging from 10 to 100 mM, adjusting the pH to the desired value (typically 6.1-7.5) with NaOH or HCl. The buffer is then used to dissolve substrates, enzymes, or receptor preparations. For receptor binding studies, such as GABA receptor assays, synaptic membranes are incubated in ACES buffer containing radiolabeled ligands, followed by filtration and scintillation counting to measure binding affinity. Control experiments are performed in parallel using other buffers (e.g., Tris or HEPES) to assess buffer-specific effects on receptor binding.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell culture protocols using ACES typically involve incorporating the buffer into cell culture media at concentrations of 10-25 mM to maintain physiological pH during cell growth and experimentation. ACES is prepared as a sterile-filtered stock solution and added to basal media formulations. For viability assays, cells are cultured in ACES-buffered medium and exposed to test compounds, followed by assessment using standard methods such as MTT, XTT, or ATP-luminescence assays. ACES has also been used in buffered charcoal yeast extract (BYCE) agar for plating bacteria and in buffered yeast extract (BYE) liquid medium for bacterial culture. Control cultures are maintained in parallel using alternative buffer systems to ensure that observed effects are not attributable to the buffer itself.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies involving ACES are rare, as the compound is a laboratory buffer rather than a therapeutic agent. When used, ACES is typically administered as part of a buffer solution for injection or oral gavage in pharmacokinetic or toxicology studies, where the buffer serves to maintain pH and osmolarity of the test formulation. Doses are usually calculated based on the desired buffer concentration in biological fluids. Animals are monitored for general health parameters, and blood or tissue samples are collected for biochemical analysis. Due to its zwitterionic nature and low membrane permeability, ACES is expected to remain primarily in the extracellular space and be rapidly cleared via renal excretion.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of ACES are not well characterized as it is not a drug substance. Based on its physicochemical properties (molecular weight 182.2, zwitterionic, highly water-soluble, logP approximately -3.5), ACES is expected to have very low oral bioavailability due to poor membrane permeability. Following intravenous administration, the compound is likely distributed primarily in extracellular fluid with limited tissue penetration. ACES is not metabolized significantly and is excreted unchanged in urine via glomerular filtration. The elimination half-life is expected to be short (1-2 hours) based on its small molecular size and hydrophilicity. These properties make ACES suitable as an inert buffer component but unsuitable as a drug candidate.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
ACES has low toxicity for laboratory use. The compound is not classified as hazardous under normal handling conditions. Acute oral toxicity is expected to be low based on its structural similarity to other sulfonic acid buffers. ACES is not known to be mutagenic, carcinogenic, or reproductively toxic. Skin and eye irritation potential is minimal, though standard laboratory precautions (gloves, safety glasses) are recommended. The compound is stable and does not decompose to release toxic byproducts under normal storage conditions. ACES is not intended for human or veterinary use and has not undergone rigorous toxicological evaluation for therapeutic applications. For research purposes, ACES is considered safe when handled according to standard laboratory safety practices.
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| References |
[1]. Melissa D Mertzman, et al. Effect of surfactant concentration and buffer selection on chromatographic figures of merit in chiral microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography. Electrophoresis. 2004 Oct;25(18-19):3247-56.
[2]. Rabindra N Roy, et al. Buffer Standards for the Physiological pH of the Zwitterionic Compound, ACES from 5 to 55°C. J Solution Chem. 2009 Apr 1;38(4):471-483. |
| Additional Infomation |
N-(2-acetamido)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid is a Goodyear buffer with a pKa of 6.9 at 20°C. It is an ACES and aminosulfonic acid. It is a tautomer of 2-[(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)ammonium]ethanesulfonate.
ACES is one of the "Good's buffers" developed by Norman Good and colleagues in 1966. It was specifically designed to be zwitterionic, minimizing membrane penetration and reducing interference with biological reactions. The compound is also known as N-(carbamoylmethyl)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid and N-(carbamoylmethyl)taurine. ACES has found widespread use in diagnostic assay manufacturing and quality control applications. Despite its utility as a buffer, ACES has not been developed as a pharmaceutical agent and no clinical trials or approved drug status exist for this compound. Its mechanism of action, if any, is purely physicochemical—maintaining hydrogen ion concentration in aqueous solutions. |
| Molecular Formula |
C4H10N2O4S
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
182.20
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| Exact Mass |
182.036
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| CAS # |
7365-82-4
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| PubChem CID |
81832
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.5±0.1 g/cm3
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| Melting Point |
>220 °C (dec.)(lit.)
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| Index of Refraction |
1.537
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| LogP |
-3.24
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
5
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| Heavy Atom Count |
11
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| Complexity |
217
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
S(C([H])([H])C([H])([H])N([H])C([H])([H])C(N([H])[H])=O)(=O)(=O)O[H]
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| InChi Key |
DBXNUXBLKRLWFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C4H10N2O4S/c5-4(7)3-6-1-2-11(8,9)10/h6H,1-3H2,(H2,5,7)(H,8,9,10)
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| Chemical Name |
2-[(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)amino]ethanesulfonic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O: 41.67 mg/mL (228.70 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 16.67 mg/mL (91.49 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication.
(Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.4885 mL | 27.4424 mL | 54.8847 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.0977 mL | 5.4885 mL | 10.9769 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5488 mL | 2.7442 mL | 5.4885 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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