Chromium(III) acetate does not have a defined biological target as it is a chemical reagent and catalyst rather than a pharmacologically active compound. Chromium(III) is an essential trace element involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, but the acetate salt is primarily used for its chemical properties. The compound's biological effects, if any, would be related to chromium ion interactions with proteins and nucleic acids. However, chromium(III) acetate is not designed for therapeutic use. Its function is chemical—serving as a catalyst, crosslinking agent, and precursor for other chromium complexes.

In vitro, chromium(III) acetate exhibits no pharmacological activity as it is a chemical reagent. Its utility is demonstrated in catalysis, coordination chemistry, and material synthesis. The compound is used as an ionic crosslinking agent and as a catalyst in organic synthesis and the dye industry. In cell-based assays, chromium(III) compounds may affect cellular metabolism due to the essential role of chromium in insulin signaling, but the acetate salt is not used as a therapeutic agent. No specific pharmacological data are available.

Chromium(III) acetate is not a pharmacologically active agent and does not exhibit in vivo therapeutic activity. Chromium(III) is an essential trace element that potentiates insulin action and is involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. However, chromium(III) acetate is used as a chemical reagent and catalyst, not as a nutritional supplement or therapeutic agent. The compound is not intended for human consumption and has not been evaluated for therapeutic efficacy. Its role is strictly chemical—serving as a catalyst and precursor for other chromium compounds.

In vitro enzyme assays for chromium(III) acetate are not standard as the compound is primarily a chemical reagent. For catalytic applications, a typical protocol involves using chromium(III) acetate as a catalyst in oxidation or polymerization reactions. For coordination chemistry studies, the compound is dissolved in appropriate solvents and reacted with ligands to form chromium complexes. Complex formation is monitored by UV-Vis spectroscopy, EPR, or mass spectrometry. For crosslinking applications, chromium(III) acetate is added to polymer solutions and the crosslinking density is measured by rheology or swelling experiments.

In vitro cell culture experiments with chromium(III) acetate are limited to toxicity studies or studies of chromium's biological effects. A standard protocol involves culturing mammalian cells (e.g., HepG2 or 3T3-L1 adipocytes) in appropriate media and treating with chromium(III) acetate at concentrations ranging from 1-100 µM for 24-72 hours. Cell viability is assessed using MTT or LDH release assays. For studies of insulin signaling, cells are treated with chromium(III) acetate and insulin, and glucose uptake or Akt phosphorylation is measured. However, such studies are not common for this compound.

In vivo animal studies with chromium(III) acetate are typically toxicological evaluations or studies of chromium metabolism. Standard protocols for oral toxicity testing in rodents follow OECD guidelines. The compound is administered by gavage at various doses, and animals are monitored for clinical signs, body weight changes, and mortality. Blood and tissue samples are collected for analysis of chromium levels and biomarkers of toxicity. Histopathological examination of major organs is performed at study termination. The compound is not used in efficacy studies as it is not a therapeutic agent.

Metabolism / Metabolites
Chromic can be absorbed orally, through inhalation, or through skin contact, and is distributed to almost all tissues, with the highest concentrations in the kidneys and liver. Bones are also a major storage site, potentially leading to long-term retention. Hexavalent Chromic is structurally similar to sulfates and chromates and can enter cells via the sulfate transport mechanism. Intracellularly, hexavalent Chromic is first reduced to pentavalent Chromic, and then further reduced to trivalent Chromic by various substances, including ascorbic acid, glutathione, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Almost all Chromic is excreted in urine. (A12, L16)

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Pharmacokinetic properties of chromium(III) acetate are partially characterized due to interest in chromium as a nutritional supplement. Following oral administration, chromium(III) is poorly absorbed (<1-2%) from the gastrointestinal tract. Absorbed chromium is distributed to various tissues, with the highest concentrations in the liver, kidney, and bone. Chromium is primarily excreted in urine. The elimination half-life is variable, with a rapid initial phase and a slower terminal phase. Chromium(III) is not significantly metabolized. However, the acetate salt is not intended for human use as a supplement.

Toxicity Summary
Identification and Uses: Chromic acetate (III) is a blue-violet crystalline powder. It is not currently registered as a pesticide in the United States, but approved pesticide uses may change periodically, so it is essential to consult federal, state, and local authorities for its currently approved uses. It is used in dyeing; tanning; hardening photographic emulsions; as an oxidizing catalyst; improving the light stability and dye affinity of textiles and polymers; and as a catalyst for olefin polymerization. Human Exposure and Toxicity: No data are available. Animal Studies: No increased incidence of tumors was observed in oral administration to mice and rats, and in intrapleural and intramuscular injections of Chromic acetate (III) to rats. The Salmonella Typhimurium TA102 strain is particularly suitable for detecting oxidative mutagens, and among nine Salmonella Typhimurium strains, it is the most sensitive to the mutagenicity of hexavalent Chromic compounds. The sensitivity ranking of the strains is as follows: TA102, TA100, TA97, TA92, TA1978, TA98, TA1538, and TA1537, with TA1535 being the only insensitive strain. Trivalent Chromic compounds (Chromic acetate, Chromic nitrate, and potassium Chromic sulfate) showed no activity against any of the strains. Trivalent Chromic can also form complexes with peptides, proteins, and DNA, leading to DNA-protein cross-links, DNA strand breaks, DNA-DNA interstrand cross-links, Chromic-DNA adducts, chromosomal aberrations, and alterations in cell signaling pathways. Studies have shown that Chromic can induce carcinogenesis by increasing peroxide levels through overstimulation of cellular regulatory pathways and activation of certain mitogen-activated protein kinases. It can also inhibit histone modification by cross-linking the histone deacetylase 1-DNA methyltransferase 1 complex to the CYP1A1 promoter chromatin, thereby causing transcriptional repression. Chromic may enhance its autotoxicity by modifying metal-regulated transcription factor 1, leading to inhibition of zinc-induced metallothionein transcription. (A12, L16, A34, A35, A36)

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Toxicity Data
LD50: 2365 mg/kg/day (oral, rat) (L16)

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Non-human Toxicity Values
LD50: 2365 mg/kg/day of Chromic acetate (III) in male Cartworth-Wistar rats via oral administration.

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Toxicological data for chromium(III) acetate indicate that it has low acute toxicity. Chromium(III) is considered less toxic than chromium(VI) compounds. The compound may cause skin and eye irritation upon contact. Inhalation of dust may cause respiratory irritation. Chronic exposure to chromium(III) compounds has not been clearly associated with carcinogenicity, unlike chromium(VI). Standard laboratory precautions should be followed when handling the compound, including the use of gloves, safety glasses, and working in a fume hood.

[1]. Rheological and transport properties of sulfonated polyacrylamide hydrogels for water shutoff in porous media. Polym. Adv. Technol. 2014, 25 396-405.

Chromic acetate is a grayish-green to blue-green powder. Its main hazard lies in its environmental threat. Immediate measures should be taken to limit its spread into the environment. It is used in tanning and textile dyeing.
Trivalent Chromic acetate is a compound of Chromic. Chromic is a chemical element with the symbol Cr and atomic number 24. It exists naturally in rocks, animals, plants, and soil, and is usually mined as chromite. Hexavalent Chromic (Cr(VI)) is the most toxic because it is more readily absorbed into cells and has a higher redox potential. However, trivalent Chromic (Cr(III)) is essential for human sugar and lipid metabolism. (L17)
See also: Acetic acid, Chromic salts, basics (note moved to).

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Chromium(III) acetate is a versatile chemical reagent used as a catalyst in organic synthesis and the dye industry, to fix textile dyes, to harden photographic emulsions, and in tanning. It is also used in coordination chemistry research, catalysis, and material synthesis as a precursor for other chromium complexes. The compound is known as chromic acetate, chromium triacetate, and trisacetic acid chromium(III). It has not undergone clinical trials and is not approved as a pharmaceutical. Its mechanism of action is chemical—serving as a catalyst, crosslinking agent, and precursor for chromium complexes.

C6H9CRO6

229.13

228.98

1066-30-4

14012

Light green to green solid powder

1.705

212 °F at 760 mmHg

>400 °C (OECD Guideline 102 (Melting point / Melting Range) resp. EU A.1 (melting / freezing temperature))

0.041

0

6

0

13

25.5

0

CC(=O)[O-].CC(=O)[O-].CC(=O)[O-].[Cr+3]

WYYQVWLEPYFFLP-UHFFFAOYSA-K

InChI=1S/3C2H4O2.Cr/c3*1-2(3)4;/h3*1H3,(H,3,4);/q;;;+3/p-3

chromium(3+);triacetate

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture.

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

DMSO: 14.29 mg/mL (62.37 mM)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 1.43 mg/mL (6.24 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 14.3 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution.

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Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 1.43 mg/mL (6.24 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 14.3 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.

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 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)