| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Apatinib-d8 shares the same molecular target as its non-deuterated form, apatinib. Apatinib is a highly selective inhibitor of VEGFR-2 (also known as KDR), a receptor tyrosine kinase that plays a critical role in angiogenesis. By blocking VEGFR-2, apatinib inhibits endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation, leading to reduced tumor angiogenesis. The labeled compound is used as a tracer to study the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of apatinib.
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| ln Vitro |
Drug compounds have included stable heavy isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements, mostly as quantitative tracers while the drugs were being developed. Because deuteration may have an effect on a drug's pharmacokinetics and metabolic properties, it is a cause for concern [1].
The deuterated compound itself does not possess intrinsic pharmacological activity in vitro; its biological activity is identical to that of apatinib. Apatinib is a potent VEGFR-2 inhibitor with an IC₅₀ in the nanomolar range. In vitro studies have demonstrated that apatinib effectively inhibits VEGF-stimulated endothelial cell proliferation and migration. The labeled compound is used as an internal standard for quantifying apatinib in biological samples, not for evaluating its own pharmacological activity. |
| ln Vivo |
Apatinib-d8 is not used as a therapeutic agent; its non-deuterated form, apatinib, is an orally active VEGFR-2 inhibitor used in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer and other solid tumors. Apatinib is well-absorbed after oral administration and has a half-life of approximately 9-12 hours in humans. It is metabolized in the liver via cytochrome P450 3A4. The labeled compound is used in pharmacokinetic studies to accurately measure apatinib concentrations in plasma and other biological matrices.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro receptor binding assays for apatinib-d8 are not standard, as it is an analytical standard. The VEGFR-2 inhibitory activity of its non-deuterated form is assessed using kinase assays with purified VEGFR-2 enzyme or cell-based assays measuring VEGF-stimulated signaling. The labeled compound is used as an internal standard for LC-MS/MS analysis of apatinib concentrations in biological samples. Quality control includes purity analysis (>95%).
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell culture experiments are not performed with apatinib-d8. When studying the effects of apatinib in cellular systems, the non-labeled compound is used. Endothelial cells are treated with apatinib, and VEGF-induced proliferation, migration, or tube formation is measured. The labeled compound is used as an internal standard for LC-MS/MS analysis of apatinib concentrations in cell culture media or lysates.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies are not conducted with apatinib-d8. When used in pharmacokinetic studies, the labeled compound serves as an internal standard for the quantification of apatinib in animal plasma or tissue samples. In typical protocols, animals are administered apatinib, and blood samples are collected at various time points. The labeled internal standard is added to the samples before analysis by LC-MS/MS to ensure accurate and precise quantification.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of apatinib-d8 itself are not characterized, as it is not a drug substance. Apatinib has a bioavailability of approximately 60-70% after oral administration, with a half-life of 9-12 hours in humans. It is metabolized primarily by cytochrome P450 3A4. The deuterated compound is used as an internal standard to accurately quantify apatinib in pharmacokinetic studies.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Apatinib-d8 is not a therapeutic agent and has not been evaluated for toxicity in humans. Its non-deuterated form, apatinib, is generally well-tolerated, with common side effects including hypertension, proteinuria, and hand-foot skin reaction. The deuterated compound is for research use only and should be handled with standard laboratory precautions.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Apatinib-d8 hydrochloride is a stable isotope-labeled internal standard used in pharmacokinetic and metabolic studies of apatinib. It is also known as apatinib d8 (hydrochloride). The compound is used in analytical method development, method validation, and quality control applications for generic drug products. The incorporation of deuterium allows for accurate quantification of apatinib in biological samples using mass spectrometry.
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| Molecular Formula |
C24H24CLN5O
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
433.933263778687
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| Exact Mass |
441.217
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| CAS # |
2468771-44-8
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| PubChem CID |
139025455
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
6
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| Heavy Atom Count |
31
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| Complexity |
608
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
c1cc(NC(=O)c2c(NCc3ccncc3)nccc2)ccc1C1(C#N)CCCC1.Cl
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| InChi Key |
YJFMYZMORFXPKW-DBYQDOQESA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C24H23N5O.ClH/c25-17-24(11-1-2-12-24)19-5-7-20(8-6-19)29-23(30)21-4-3-13-27-22(21)28-16-18-9-14-26-15-10-18;/h3-10,13-15H,1-2,11-12,16H2,(H,27,28)(H,29,30);1H/i1D2,2D2,11D2,12D2;
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| Chemical Name |
N-[4-(1-cyano-2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octadeuteriocyclopentyl)phenyl]-2-(pyridin-4-ylmethylamino)pyridine-3-carboxamide;hydrochloride
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: 100 mg/mL (226.25 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.66 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.66 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.66 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.3045 mL | 11.5226 mL | 23.0452 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4609 mL | 2.3045 mL | 4.6090 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2305 mL | 1.1523 mL | 2.3045 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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