| Size | Price | |
|---|---|---|
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
4-Nitrophenyl β-D-glucuronide targets β-glucuronidase, an enzyme that hydrolyzes glucuronides. The compound serves as a substrate for β-glucuronidase, and upon enzymatic cleavage, p-nitrophenol is released. The amount of p-nitrophenol released is proportional to β-glucuronidase activity. The compound is used as a chromogenic substrate for the detection and quantification of β-glucuronidase activity.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, 4-nitrophenyl β-D-glucuronide is used as a chromogenic substrate for β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene detection. Upon hydrolysis by β-glucuronidase, it produces a colored product (p-nitrophenol) that enables easy detection and quantification. The compound is not pharmacologically active; it is used as a biochemical reagent for enzyme activity assays.
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| ln Vivo |
4-Nitrophenyl β-D-glucuronide is not a pharmacologically active drug. It is a biochemical reagent used as a substrate for β-glucuronidase in research and diagnostic applications. The compound is used in gene detection assays and enzyme activity measurements. It has no in vivo therapeutic activity.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro assays for 4-nitrophenyl β-D-glucuronide typically involve measuring β-glucuronidase activity. A standard protocol involves incubating the substrate (typically 1-10 mM) with the enzyme in an appropriate buffer (pH 4.0-5.0) at 37°C for a defined period. The reaction is stopped by adding a base (e.g., sodium carbonate), and the absorbance of the released p-nitrophenol is measured at 405 nm.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell culture experiments are not performed with 4-nitrophenyl β-D-glucuronide, as it is a substrate for enzyme activity assays. The compound is used in cell lysates or tissue homogenates for β-glucuronidase activity measurements, not as a test compound for biological activity.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies are not conducted with 4-nitrophenyl β-D-glucuronide, as it is a biochemical reagent. The compound is not used in pharmacological or toxicological studies in animals.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of 4-nitrophenyl β-D-glucuronide are not characterized, as it is not a drug substance. The compound is a substrate that is hydrolyzed by β-glucuronidase. It is not intended for human exposure.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
4-Nitrophenyl β-D-glucuronide may cause skin and eye irritation. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed when handling this compound, including the use of gloves, safety glasses, and working in a fume hood. The compound should be stored refrigerated (0-10°C).
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| References |
[1]. A Mariscal, et al. Interference by carbohydrate substrates, flavonoids, and monosaccharide derivatives on bacterial beta-D-glucuronidase assays. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1998 Nov;35(4):588-93.
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| Additional Infomation |
4-Nitrophenyl β-D-glucuronide is a β-D-glucuronic acid with a 4-nitrophenyl substituent attached to its terminal carbon atom. It is a chromogenic compound. It is a β-D-glucuronic acid and also a C-nitro compound. Functionally, it is related to 4-nitrophenol.
4-Nitrophenyl β-D-glucuronide is a chromogenic substrate for β-glucuronidase (GUS) used in gene detection and enzyme activity assays. Upon hydrolysis, it releases p-nitrophenol, which can be quantified by colorimetric detection at 405 nm. It has not undergone clinical trials and is not approved as a pharmaceutical. |
| Molecular Formula |
C12H13NO9
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
315.23
|
| Exact Mass |
315.059
|
| CAS # |
10344-94-2
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| PubChem CID |
82565
|
| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.7±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
644.4±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
|
| Melting Point |
93°C
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| Flash Point |
343.5±31.5 °C
|
| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±2.0 mmHg at 25°C
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.675
|
| LogP |
-0.75
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
4
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
9
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
22
|
| Complexity |
417
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
5
|
| SMILES |
O1[C@]([H])([C@@]([H])([C@]([H])([C@@]([H])([C@@]1([H])C(=O)O[H])O[H])O[H])O[H])OC1C([H])=C([H])C(=C([H])C=1[H])[N+](=O)[O-]
|
| InChi Key |
QSUILVWOWLUOEU-GOVZDWNOSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C12H13NO9/c14-7-8(15)10(11(17)18)22-12(9(7)16)21-6-3-1-5(2-4-6)13(19)20/h1-4,7-10,12,14-16H,(H,17,18)/t7-,8-,9+,10-,12+/m0/s1
|
| Chemical Name |
(2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(4-nitrophenoxy)oxane-2-carboxylic acid
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: (1). This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. (2). Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O: 250 mg/mL (793.07 mM)
DMSO: 100 mg/mL (317.23 mM) |
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.93 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.93 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.93 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.1723 mL | 15.8614 mL | 31.7229 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6345 mL | 3.1723 mL | 6.3446 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3172 mL | 1.5861 mL | 3.1723 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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