| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 500mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
The primary target of diafenthiuron is the mitochondrial electron transport chain in target pests. The compound is a proinsecticide that is activated to its carbodiimide metabolite, which inhibits mitochondrial respiration by blocking complex I (NADH dehydrogenase). This leads to the disruption of ATP production and ultimately pest death. The compound's selectivity is based on differential metabolism in target versus non-target organisms.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro studies demonstrate that diafenthiuron and its carbodiimide metabolite inhibit mitochondrial respiration. The compound blocks complex I of the electron transport chain, reducing ATP production and causing cellular energy depletion. These effects are more pronounced in target pests due to the specific activation of the proinsecticide to its active form.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo studies show that diafenthiuron effectively controls a wide range of pests including mites, whiteflies, and various lepidopteran and hemipteran insects. The compound is applied to crops and is activated in the target pests to its carbodiimide metabolite, which disrupts mitochondrial function. Its broad-spectrum activity and low toxicity to mammals make it valuable for agricultural pest management.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Non-cellular assays for diafenthiuron typically involve measuring its inhibitory activity against mitochondrial complex I. The compound or its carbodiimide metabolite is incubated with isolated mitochondria or purified complex I, and NADH oxidation is measured spectrophotometrically. IC50 values are determined from dose-response curves. These cell-free systems allow for characterization of the compound's mechanism of action.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays for diafenthiuron are conducted using insect cell lines to assess its insecticidal activity. Cells are treated with the compound, and ATP levels, mitochondrial membrane potential, and cell viability are measured. These assays demonstrate the compound's ability to disrupt mitochondrial function and induce cell death in target pest cells.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments for diafenthiuron are typically conducted in agricultural pest control studies. The compound is applied to crops infested with target pests, and pest mortality, feeding damage, and crop yield are assessed. Toxicological studies in mammals are conducted to assess the compound's safety for non-target organisms and humans.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of diafenthiuron have been studied in the context of its environmental fate and toxicology. The compound has a density of 1.069 g/cm3, a boiling point of 448.8°C at 760 mmHg, and a melting point of 144.6-147.7°C. It is metabolized to its active carbodiimide metabolite in target pests. Its persistence in the environment depends on formulation and application conditions.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for diafenthiuron indicate that it has low toxicity to mammals and birds. The compound has been evaluated by regulatory agencies and is approved for use in many countries. It is not classified as a carcinogen. Occupational exposure limits have been established to protect agricultural workers. The compound should be handled with appropriate personal protective equipment.
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| References |
[1]. Muhammad Riaz-Ul-Haq, et al. Effect of Diafenthiuron exposure under short and long term experimental conditions on hematology, serum biochemical profile and elemental composition of a non-target organism, Labeo rohita. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2018 Sep;
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| Additional Infomation |
Diafenthiuron is an aromatic ether with the chemical name 1,3-diisopropyl-5-phenoxybenzene, in which the hydrogen atom at the 2-position is replaced by a (tert-butylcarbamoylthioacryl)nitroso group. It is an agricultural precursor insecticide used to control mites, aphids, and whiteflies on cotton. Diafenthiuron is both an oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor and a precursor insecticide. It is a thiourea acaricide, a thiourea insecticide, and an aromatic ether. Its structure is similar to that of diphenyl ether.
Other information includes diafenthiuron's role as a thiourea proinsecticide and acaricide that acts via its carbodiimide metabolite. It is also known as 1-tert-butyl-3-(2,6-diisopropyl-4-phenoxyphenyl)thiourea. The compound is used in agriculture to control various pests including mites, whiteflies, diamondback moths, aphids, leafhoppers, and scale insects. It is available in various formulations including wettable powders and suspension concentrates. |
| Molecular Formula |
C23H32N2OS
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
384.58
|
| Exact Mass |
384.223
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| CAS # |
80060-09-9
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| PubChem CID |
3034380
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.1±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
448.8±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
144.6-147.7°C
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| Flash Point |
225.2±31.5 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.1 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.582
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| LogP |
6
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
6
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
27
|
| Complexity |
448
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| SMILES |
S=C(NC(C)(C)C)NC1C(C(C)C)=CC(OC2C=CC=CC=2)=CC=1C(C)C
|
| InChi Key |
WOWBFOBYOAGEEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C23H32N2OS/c1-15(2)19-13-18(26-17-11-9-8-10-12-17)14-20(16(3)4)21(19)24-22(27)25-23(5,6)7/h8-16H,1-7H3,(H2,24,25,27)
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| Chemical Name |
1-tert-butyl-3-[4-phenoxy-2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]thiourea
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: 100 mg/mL (260.02 mM)
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 2.5 mg/mL (6.50 mM) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with sonication.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: 2.5 mg/mL (6.50 mM) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with ultrasonication. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.50 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.6002 mL | 13.0012 mL | 26.0024 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5200 mL | 2.6002 mL | 5.2005 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2600 mL | 1.3001 mL | 2.6002 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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