Toxicity Summary
Identification and Uses: 1,3-Propanediol (PDO) is a colorless to pale yellow, high-viscosity liquid. It is primarily used in the production of polypropylene terephthalate (PTT) polymers, which are used in fibers and fabrics such as textiles, engineering thermoplastics, and monofilaments. PDO is also used in cosmetics and personal care products, engine coolants, and as a solvent for inkjet and screen printing inks. Human Exposure and Toxicity: In a reported case study, the body of a 45-year-old woman was found with a suicide note and two antifreeze containers. Analysis of bodily fluids collected from the deceased revealed an ethanol content of 58 mg/dL, but no suspected ethylene glycol was detected in the samples. However, an unusually high peak for the internal standard PDO was found in the samples. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry confirmed the presence of PDO at a concentration of 445 mg/dL. Animal Studies: This study aimed to determine the potential effects of repeated inhalation of PDO in rats. Rats were exposed to PDO vapor or vapor/aerosol mixtures at concentrations of 0, 41, 650, or 1800 mg/m³ for 6 hours a day, 5 days a week, for 2 weeks (9 exposures in total). In vivo responses were observed or measured daily. No abnormal external responses were observed, and no deaths occurred. Clinicopathological (blood cell counts, serum chemistry parameters) and histopathological (gross pathology, organ weight, and histopathology) findings in the exposed rats were similar to those in the unexposed control group. The highest tested concentration of 1800 mg/m³ (the highest achievable concentration) in this study was determined as the no-observed effect level (NOEL). Inhalation of PDO vapor or vapor/aerosol mixtures did not appear to cause significant harm. PDO, with or without activation, was non-mutagenic to Salmonella Typhimurium strains TA1535, TA1537, TA98, TA100, and TA102. PDO was also non-mutagenic in the in vivo mouse micronucleus assay. Furthermore, PDO had a negative effect on inducing structural and numerical abnormalities in Chinese hamster V79 cells, with or without metabolic activation.

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Non-Human Toxicity Values
Oral LD50 in rats: 15 g/kg; Dermal LD50 in rabbits: > 20 g/kg; Oral LD50 in mice: 4773 mg/kg

[1]. Glycerol fermentation by a new 1,3-propanediol-producing microorganism:Enterobacter agglomerans. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology volume 43, pages786-793(1995).

[2]. Subchronic toxicity study of 1, 3-propanediol administered orally to rats. International journal of toxicology, 2000, 19(1): 27-32.

Propane-1,3-diol is the simplest member of the propane-1,3-diol family. Its structure is a propane molecule, with each methyl group having a hydrogen atom replaced by a hydroxyl group. It is a colorless, viscous, water-soluble liquid with a boiling point as high as 210°C. It can be used in the synthesis of certain polymers and is also used as a solvent and antifreeze. It is both a proton solvent and a metabolite. 1,3-Propanediol has been reported to be present in Arabidopsis thaliana, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), and grape (Vitis vinifera), and relevant data exist. 1,3-Propanediol is a metabolite found or produced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. See also: Propanediol (note moved here).

C3H8O2

76.09

76.052

504-63-2

1,3-Propanediol-d6;284474-77-7;1,3-Propanediol-d8;285978-25-8;1,3-Propanediol-d2;38645-14-6

10442

Colorless to light yellow liquid

1.052

214.4±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg

-32 °C

79.4±0.0 °C

0.0±0.9 mmHg at 25°C

1.434

-1.04

2

2

2

5

12.4

0

C(CO)CO

YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C3H8O2/c4-2-1-3-5/h4-5H,1-3H2

propane-1,3-diol

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

DMSO: 100 mg/mL (1314.23 mM)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (32.86 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution.

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Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (32.86 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.

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Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (32.86 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly.

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 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)