| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 10mg |
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| Targets |
Ilexgenin A modulates signaling pathways such as AMPK and NF-κB, making it valuable in the treatment of atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular disorders. It has the ability to regulate lipid profile and protect the liver against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced impairment. Ilexgenin A ameliorates hepatic insulin signaling and gluconeogenesis by regulating lipolysis in white adipose tissue (WAT). Its targets include metabolic and inflammatory signaling pathways involved in lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and inflammation.
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| ln Vitro |
In HT 29 and HCT 116 cells, ilexgenin A (0~100 μM; 24 hours) significantly reduces cell viability[1]. In HT 29 cells, ilexgenin A (12.5~50 μM; 24 hours) suppresses SREBP-1 expression, prevents SREBP-1 from moving to the nucleus, and lowers TG content[1]. In colon cancer cells, ilexgenin A (12.5~50 μM; HT 29 and HCT 116 cells) causes cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase[1]. Lipid metabolism in HCT 116 cells is modulated by ilexgenin A (12.5~50 μM; 24 hours). Through its inhibition of HIF1α, ilexgenin A (50 μM; 24 hours; HT 29 and HCT 116 cells) regulates SREBP-1[1]. Synthesis of fatty acids is inhibited by ilexgenin A[1].
In vitro, Ilexgenin A modulates signaling pathways such as AMPK and NF-κB. It regulates lipid profile and protects against high-fat diet-induced hepatic impairment in cell-based models. The compound ameliorates hepatic insulin signaling and gluconeogenesis by regulating lipolysis in white adipose tissue. These activities demonstrate its potential as a therapeutic agent for metabolic disorders, including atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular conditions. Specific IC₅₀ values for its in vitro activities have not been reported in the available literature. |
| ln Vivo |
Ilexgenin A (20 mg/kg) reduces the carcinogenesis caused by AOM and DSS. Lipid metabolism can be regulated by ilexgenin A. In AOM/DSS mice, ilexgenin A reduces the expression of SREBP-1 and HIF 1α[1].
In vivo, Ilexgenin A has demonstrated hepatoprotective and metabolic benefits. It protects the liver against high-fat diet-induced impairment and improves insulin signaling in animal models. The compound has been studied for its anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities, suggesting potential therapeutic applications in various disease models. Its ability to regulate lipid profile and modulate metabolic pathways supports its use in research on metabolic disorders. Detailed in vivo efficacy data are limited in the available literature. |
| Enzyme Assay |
Non-cellular assays for Ilexgenin A would typically involve receptor binding or enzyme activity assays to evaluate its interactions with AMPK and NF-κB pathways. AMPK activation can be assessed using kinase activity assays measuring phosphorylation of specific substrates. NF-κB activity can be evaluated using electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) or reporter gene assays in cell-free systems. The compound's antioxidant activity could be assessed using DPPH or ABTS radical scavenging assays, though these are not specifically documented for Ilexgenin A.
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| Cell Assay |
Cell Viability Assay[1]
Cell Types: HT 29 and HCT 116 cells Tested Concentrations: 0~100 μM Incubation Duration: 24 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Effectively diminished cell viability in HT 29 and HCT 116 cells. Western Blot Analysis[1] Cell Types: HT 29 cells Tested Concentrations: 12.5~50 μM Incubation Duration: 24 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Downregulated the expression of SREBP-1. RT-PCR[1] Cell Types: HT 29 cells Tested Concentrations: 12.5~50 μM Incubation Duration: 24 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: diminished the content of TG. Immunofluorescence[1] Cell Types: HT 29 cells Tested Concentrations: 12.5~50 μM Incubation Duration: 24 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Inhibited the translocation of SREBP-1 to the nucleus. Cell-based assays for Ilexgenin A would involve evaluating its effects on inflammatory and metabolic pathways in relevant cell lines. The compound's ability to modulate AMPK and NF-κB signaling can be assessed in hepatocytes, adipocytes, or macrophages using Western blot analysis of phosphorylated proteins, luciferase reporter assays, or qPCR for target gene expression. Its anti-inflammatory activity could be evaluated by measuring cytokine production in LPS-stimulated immune cells. Specific protocols for these assays are not extensively documented in the available literature. |
| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal models for Ilexgenin A would typically involve high-fat diet-induced obesity or metabolic syndrome models in mice or rats to evaluate its hepatoprotective and insulin-sensitizing effects. Inflammation models such as carrageenan-induced paw edema or colitis models could be used to assess anti-inflammatory activity. Cancer xenograft models might be employed to evaluate anti-tumor effects. However, specific detailed protocols for these studies are not extensively documented in the search results.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic data for Ilexgenin A have not been reported in the available literature. As a pentacyclic triterpenoid with a molecular weight of 502.68 g/mol, it is likely to have poor oral bioavailability due to its high molecular weight and lipophilic nature. The compound is soluble in chloroform, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, DMSO, and acetone, suggesting good solubility in organic solvents but potentially limited aqueous solubility. No specific pharmacokinetic parameters have been documented.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
No specific toxicity data have been reported for Ilexgenin A in the available literature. As a natural product derived from Ilex hainanensis Merr., it is generally considered to have a favorable safety profile, though systematic toxicological evaluation has not been performed. For research use, standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed when handling this compound. Its safety profile in humans has not been established.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
It has been reported that holly A has been found in both Ilex pubescens and Quercus aliena, and relevant data are available for reference.
Ilexgenin A is a research compound and natural product, not an approved pharmaceutical drug. It is used in research on inflammation, cancer, atherosclerosis, and other cardiovascular disorders. The compound modulates signaling pathways such as AMPK and NF-κB, regulates lipid profile, protects against hepatic impairment, and ameliorates hepatic insulin signaling. Ilexgenin A is extracted from Ilex hainanensis Merr. and is available as a high-purity research compound. It is not intended for human therapeutic use. |
| Molecular Formula |
C30H46O6
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| Molecular Weight |
502.68
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| Exact Mass |
502.329
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| CAS # |
108524-94-3
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| PubChem CID |
21672638
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid
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| Density |
1.2±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
653.3±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
362.9±28.0 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±4.4 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.587
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| LogP |
5.77
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
4
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
6
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
36
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| Complexity |
1020
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
11
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| SMILES |
OC([C@@]1([C@@H](O)CC[C@@]2([C@H]3CC=C4[C@@H]5[C@@](O)(C)[C@H](C)CC[C@@]5(CC[C@@]4(C)[C@]3(C)CC[C@@H]12)C(=O)O)C)C)=O
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| InChi Key |
UIEGOKVPCRANSU-XUFMHOFVSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C30H46O6/c1-17-9-14-30(24(34)35)16-15-26(3)18(22(30)29(17,6)36)7-8-19-25(2)12-11-21(31)28(5,23(32)33)20(25)10-13-27(19,26)4/h7,17,19-22,31,36H,8-16H2,1-6H3,(H,32,33)(H,34,35)/t17-,19-,20-,21+,22-,25-,26-,27-,28-,29-,30+/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(3S,4R,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,11R,12R,12aS,14aR,14bR)-3,12-dihydroxy-4,6a,6b,11,12,14b-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicene-4,8a-dicarboxylic acid
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| Synonyms |
Ilexgenin A
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: 100 mg/mL (198.93 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 2.5 mg/mL (4.97 mM) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with sonication.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.97 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.9893 mL | 9.9467 mL | 19.8934 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3979 mL | 1.9893 mL | 3.9787 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1989 mL | 0.9947 mL | 1.9893 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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