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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Cytochrome c oxidases in bacteria. It is also used as a substrate for heme peroxidases.
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| ln Vitro |
In cell culture and microbiology, TMPD (N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-para-phenylene-diamine) is used to discriminate between pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria as well as organisms that have cytochrome c oxidase activity. The oxidation of TMPD by microorganisms is a widely recognized concept in colorimetry for bacterial oxidases, due to the formation of the radical cation TMPD+, which exhibits a distinctive deep blue color. Numerous infections can be targeted by bacterial oxidases that electrochemically recognize the TMPD Oxidation[1].
TMPD is used in the oxidase test for the colorimetric identification of pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria. It undergoes one-electron oxidation in the presence of cytochrome c oxidase, resulting in a color change from colorless to blue, which is a positive test result. It can be used to distinguish between Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. |
| ln Vivo |
Specific in vivo activity is not applicable as TMPD is a diagnostic reagent used in vitro. Its use is in microbiology and biochemistry to identify bacterial species based on their enzymatic activity. It is not administered to living organisms for therapeutic purposes.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The oxidase test is performed by applying a bacterial colony to filter paper impregnated with TMPD (or a similar reagent like tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine). A color change to dark blue or purple within 10-30 seconds indicates the presence of cytochrome c oxidase, a positive result. The intensity of the color change is correlated with the enzyme activity.
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| Cell Assay |
TMPD is not used in standard cell culture for pharmacological studies. Its primary use is in microbiology to differentiate organisms that exhibit cytochrome c oxidase activity. It is also used in biochemical assays to measure the activity of oxidases or peroxidases by monitoring the color change spectrophotometrically.
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| Animal Protocol |
Animal studies are not conducted with TMPD, as it is a reagent, not a therapeutic agent. Its use is confined to the laboratory for diagnostic and analytical purposes. There is no in vivo application for this compound.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties are not relevant as TMPD is a research and diagnostic reagent. Its physical properties are characterized: molecular weight 237.17 g/mol, formula C10H18Cl2N2. It is soluble in water and is typically stored at room temperature.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for TMPD are not typically detailed, as it is a common reagent. However, as a chemical, it should be handled with care. It is an irritant and may be harmful if swallowed or inhaled. Standard laboratory safety precautions, such as wearing gloves and working in a fume hood, are advised.
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| References |
[1]. S Kuss, et al. Electrochemical recognition and quantification of cytochrome c expression in Bacillus subtilis and aerobe/anaerobe Escherichia coli using N, N, N', N'-tetramethyl- para-phenylene-diamine (TMPD). Chem Sci. 2017 Nov 1;8(11):7682-7688.
[2]. Nenad Petrovic, et al. Using N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (TMPD) to assay cyclooxygenase activity in vitro. Methods Mol Biol. 2010;594:129-40. [3]. Franco A Rossato, et al. Fatty acid synthase inhibitors induce apoptosis in non-tumorigenic melan-a cells associated with inhibition of mitochondrial respiration. PLoS One. 2014 Jun 25;9(6):e101060. |
| Additional Infomation |
It is used as a reagent in analytical chemistry techniques in the form of hydrochloride.
TMPD is a standard reagent in microbiology, particularly for the oxidase test, which is a key step in the identification of bacteria like Neisseria and Pseudomonas species. Its role as a redox indicator makes it a simple and effective tool for detecting specific enzymatic activities in various biochemical applications. |
| Molecular Formula |
C10H18CL2N2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
237.17
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| Exact Mass |
236.084
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| CAS # |
637-01-4
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| PubChem CID |
71561
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| Appearance |
Off-white to gray solid powder
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| Boiling Point |
260.6ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
222-224 °C(lit.)
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| Flash Point |
104.9ºC
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| LogP |
3.422
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
14
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| Complexity |
108
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
Cl[H].Cl[H].N(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C1C([H])=C([H])C(=C([H])C=1[H])N(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H]
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| InChi Key |
FBHKTSXMTASXFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C10H16N2.2ClH/c1-11(2)9-5-7-10(8-6-9)12(3)4;;/h5-8H,1-4H3;2*1H
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| Chemical Name |
1-N,1-N,4-N,4-N-tetramethylbenzene-1,4-diamine;dihydrochloride
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O: 100 mg/mL (421.64 mM)
DMSO: 16.67 mg/mL (70.29 mM) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 1.67 mg/mL (7.04 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 16.7 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: 100 mg/mL (421.64 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.2164 mL | 21.0819 mL | 42.1638 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.8433 mL | 4.2164 mL | 8.4328 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4216 mL | 2.1082 mL | 4.2164 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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