| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
α4β2 and α6/α3β2β4 subunits of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). It also exhibits activity against Aβ peptides.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
(R,S)-Anatabine reduces amyloid beta (Aβ) production in a dose-dependent manner in human neuronal SHSY-5Y cells. It diminishes the amount of Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42, likely by affecting BACE-1 protein levels. It exhibits notable anti-inflammatory activities in various in vitro models, resulting in reduced levels of TNF-α and IL-6.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, (R,S)-Anatabine increases nicotine self-administration and locomotor activity in rats. It reduces amyloid-beta production in vivo. In carrageenan-induced paw edema rat models, it inhibits paw swelling. In a zebrafish novel tank test, it increases time spent at the top, indicating anxiolytic-like activity.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The binding affinity of (R,S)-Anatabine to nAChR subtypes is determined using radioligand binding assays with membranes from cells expressing the specific receptor subunits. Its ability to inhibit Aβ production can be assessed using human neuroblastoma cells (e.g., SH-SY5Y), where cells are treated with the compound and the levels of Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 in the media are measured by ELISA.
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| Cell Assay |
To study its anti-inflammatory and Aβ-lowering effects, human neuronal-like SH-SY5Y cells are treated with (R,S)-Anatabine. The levels of Aβ peptides are measured by ELISA, and markers of inflammation are assessed via qPCR or Western blot. Cell viability is also monitored to ensure the compound is not cytotoxic.
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| Animal Protocol |
In rodent models, (R,S)-Anatabine is typically administered via intraperitoneal injection. In the carrageenan-induced paw edema model, its anti-inflammatory effect is assessed by measuring paw swelling. In transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease, its effect on Aβ plaque burden and cognitive function is evaluated.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Specific pharmacokinetic data for (R,S)-Anatabine are limited. It is known to cross the blood-brain barrier and interact with central nAChRs. Its properties as a small molecule (MW 160.21) suggest it would be well-absorbed, but detailed ADME studies are required.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Available data indicate that (R,S)-Anatabine has a favorable safety profile in animal models, but specific toxicological data are not widely published. As a natural product-derived compound, it is considered to have a relatively low toxicity. However, comprehensive toxicology studies would be needed for clinical development.
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| References |
[1]. Lai FY, et al. Levels of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in raw wastewater as an innovative perspective for investigating population-wide exposure to third-hand smoke. Sci Rep. 2018 Sep 5;8(1):13254.
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| Additional Infomation |
It has been reported that 1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-2,3'-bipyridine is present in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and the genus Nicotiana, and relevant data are available.
See also: Anatabine (note moved to). (R,S)-Anatabine is a research compound with potential therapeutic applications. Its dual activity as an nAChR agonist and an Aβ-lowering agent makes it of interest for studying neuroprotection and inflammation. It is not currently approved for clinical use but serves as a valuable tool for investigating the cholinergic system and Alzheimer's disease pathology. |
| Molecular Formula |
C10H12N2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
160.22
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| Exact Mass |
160.1
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| CAS # |
2743-90-0
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| Related CAS # |
(S)-(-)-Anatabine;581-49-7;(R)-(+)-Anatabine;126454-22-6
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| PubChem CID |
261474
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| Appearance |
Light yellow to yellow liquid（Density：1.045±0.06 g/cm3）
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| Density |
1.0±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
269.0±28.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
116.5±24.0 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.6 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.547
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| LogP |
0.89
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
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| Heavy Atom Count |
12
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| Complexity |
165
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
C1=CCNC(C1)C2=CN=CC=C2
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| InChi Key |
SOPPBXUYQGUQHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C10H12N2/c1-2-7-12-10(5-1)9-4-3-6-11-8-9/h1-4,6,8,10,12H,5,7H2
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| Chemical Name |
3-(1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-2-yl)pyridine
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: 125 mg/mL (780.18 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (12.98 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (12.98 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (12.98 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 6.2414 mL | 31.2071 mL | 62.4142 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.2483 mL | 6.2414 mL | 12.4828 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6241 mL | 3.1207 mL | 6.2414 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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