| Size | Price | |
|---|---|---|
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
The primary targets of 2-Methylpyrazine are related to its biological activities including antimicrobial, antioxidant, and potential therapeutic effects. Derivatives of 2-methylpyrazine, such as tetramethylpyrazine, have been used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. As a volatile organic compound, it may interact with olfactory receptors. Its role as a building block in pharmaceutical synthesis indicates it can be used to generate compounds with diverse biological targets. The compound's antioxidant activity suggests interactions with cellular redox systems. Its antimicrobial activity indicates potential targets in microbial cells.
|
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro studies have demonstrated that 2-Methylpyrazine exhibits antimicrobial, antioxidant, and potential therapeutic effects. Its derivatives, such as tetramethylpyrazine, have shown cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protective effects in cell-based assays. As a flavoring agent, the compound's sensory properties have been characterized through sensory evaluation studies. Its role as a building block in pharmaceutical synthesis has been explored through various chemical reactions including oxidation to pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. These in vitro findings support its potential applications in food science and pharmaceutical research. Further studies are needed to fully characterize its biological activities and mechanisms of action.
|
| ln Vivo |
In vivo studies of 2-Methylpyrazine have focused primarily on its derivatives such as tetramethylpyrazine, which has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The parent compound is consumed as a flavoring agent in foods. Its metabolism in vivo would follow standard pathways for pyrazine compounds. The compound's antioxidant activity suggests potential benefits in vivo. Its antimicrobial activity indicates potential for in vivo evaluation in infection models. Further research is needed to fully characterize its in vivo pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties.
|
| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme/receptor binding assays for 2-Methylpyrazine typically involve testing its biological activities. For antioxidant activity, cell-free systems such as DPPH radical scavenging assays, ABTS assays, or ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays are used. For antimicrobial activity, standard disc diffusion or broth microdilution methods are employed to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against various bacterial and fungal strains. For potential therapeutic effects, receptor binding or enzyme inhibition assays may be performed using relevant targets. The compound's reactivity and stability are characterized using analytical chemistry methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. All assays are performed with appropriate controls and standardized protocols.
|
| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for 2-Methylpyrazine involve culturing various cell lines to evaluate its biological activities. For antimicrobial activity, bacterial or fungal cultures are treated with the compound and cell viability is monitored by optical density measurements or colony counting. For antioxidant activity, cells are treated with the compound and then exposed to oxidative stress inducers; reactive oxygen species levels are measured using fluorescent probes. For cardiovascular studies, endothelial cells or cardiomyocytes are treated with the compound or its derivatives and relevant parameters are measured. Cell viability is assessed using MTT or similar colorimetric assays. All experiments are performed in triplicate with appropriate controls to ensure statistical reliability.
|
| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments for 2-Methylpyrazine are primarily conducted for its derivatives such as tetramethylpyrazine, which has been used in traditional Chinese medicine. For cardiovascular studies, animals with induced cardiovascular conditions are treated with the compound and relevant parameters are assessed. For cerebrovascular studies, animal models of stroke or cerebral ischemia are used. Parameters assessed include blood pressure, heart rate, cerebral blood flow, neurological function, and survival. For safety evaluation, animals are administered the compound and observed for signs of toxicity. Blood and tissue samples are collected for biochemical analysis and histopathological examination. Control groups receiving vehicle alone are included for comparison. All procedures must comply with institutional animal care and use committee guidelines.
|
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The pharmacokinetic properties of 2-Methylpyrazine reflect its nature as a small volatile pyrazine compound. It has a molecular weight of 94.11 and the molecular formula C5H6N2. The compound has a log P of 0.23 for the octanol-water partition coefficient, indicating moderate hydrophilicity. Its volatile nature suggests rapid absorption through inhalation and gastrointestinal routes. As a small molecule, it can cross biological membranes readily. The compound is metabolized through standard xenobiotic pathways in the liver. Complete pharmacokinetic profiling including half-life, clearance, and bioavailability would require further systematic studies using appropriate analytical methods such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
|
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicity profile of 2-Methylpyrazine has been evaluated in the context of its use as a flavoring agent and research chemical. The compound is generally recognized as safe at flavoring agent levels. As a volatile organic compound, it may cause respiratory irritation upon inhalation of high concentrations. Proper handling procedures including use of fume hoods and personal protective equipment are recommended when working with pure compound. The compound is not approved for human therapeutic use and is intended for research purposes only. Long-term toxicity studies would be needed to fully establish its safety profile for pharmaceutical applications. The compound's presence in foods suggests it has been evaluated for safety at dietary exposure levels.
|
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Methylpyrazine is a type of pyrazine compound in which one hydrogen atom is replaced by a methyl group. It is a flavoring agent found in coffee, peanuts, and red chili peppers. Methylpyrazine has multiple functions, including as a flavoring agent, a plant metabolite, and a Maillard reaction product. It has been reported to be detected in Tulafrancsis, tea trees, and other organisms with relevant data.
2-Methylpyrazine (CAS# 109-08-0) is also known as methylpyrazine. It has the molecular formula C5H6N2 and a molecular weight of 94.11. The compound is an alkylpyrazine detectable in the oils of roasted red pepper seeds. It is a volatile organic compound belonging to the pyrazine family with diverse biological activities including antimicrobial, antioxidant, and potential therapeutic effects. It is commonly used as a flavoring agent providing a nutty and roasted aroma. 2-Methylpyrazine serves as a building block in pharmaceutical synthesis. Derivatives such as tetramethylpyrazine are used in traditional Chinese medicine. The compound can be oxidized to pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. |
| Molecular Formula |
C5H6N2
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
94.11
|
| Exact Mass |
94.053
|
| CAS # |
109-08-0
|
| Related CAS # |
2-Methylpyrazine-d6; 1219804-84-8
|
| PubChem CID |
7976
|
| Appearance |
Colorless to light yellow liquid
|
| Density |
1.0±0.1 g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
135.1±20.0 °C at 760 mmHg
|
| Melting Point |
-29 °C
|
| Flash Point |
50.0±0.0 °C
|
| Vapour Pressure |
9.7±0.2 mmHg at 25°C
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.503
|
| LogP |
0.18
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
0
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
7
|
| Complexity |
54
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| SMILES |
CC1=CN=CC=N1
|
| InChi Key |
CAWHJQAVHZEVTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C5H6N2/c1-5-4-6-2-3-7-5/h2-4H,1H3
|
| Chemical Name |
2-methylpyrazine
|
| Synonyms |
2-Methylpyrazine
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: 100 mg/mL (1062.59 mM)
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (26.56 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (26.56 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (26.56 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 10.6259 mL | 53.1293 mL | 106.2586 mL | |
| 5 mM | 2.1252 mL | 10.6259 mL | 21.2517 mL | |
| 10 mM | 1.0626 mL | 5.3129 mL | 10.6259 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
Copyright 2020 InvivoChem LLC | All Rights Reserved
