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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
The primary target of 2-Methylanisole is associated with its role as a drug intermediate and building block in pharmaceutical synthesis. As a monomethoxybenzene, it serves as a precursor for the preparation of compounds with methylhydroquinone cores. The compound has been studied for its potential as a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-alpha activator, although this activity may be attributed to its derivatives rather than the parent compound. 2-Methylanisole's structural properties allow it to participate in various chemical transformations to generate bioactive molecules. Its role as a flavoring agent suggests interactions with olfactory receptors. The compound's use in the synthesis of methylhydroquinone-containing compounds indicates potential applications in the development of pharmaceuticals targeting various biological pathways.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro studies of 2-Methylanisole have focused primarily on its role as a chemical intermediate rather than a direct pharmacological agent. The compound has been evaluated for its ability to inhibit cytokine-induced vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) overexpression in human endothelial cells, although this activity may be associated with derivatives such as Gypenoside XLIX. As a monomethoxybenzene, it serves as a building block for the synthesis of more complex molecules with biological activities. Its antioxidant properties have been explored in various in vitro systems. The compound's role as a flavoring agent has been characterized through sensory evaluation studies. Cell-based assays have examined its metabolic fate and potential biological effects. These in vitro studies provide foundational data for understanding the compound's utility in pharmaceutical synthesis.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo studies of 2-Methylanisole are limited, as the compound is primarily used as an intermediate rather than a therapeutic agent. Research has focused on its metabolic fate following exposure, with the compound being metabolized and eliminated through standard xenobiotic pathways. Its volatile nature suggests rapid absorption and distribution following inhalation or ingestion. Studies on related monomethoxybenzene compounds have provided insights into the in vivo behavior of this chemical class. The compound's use as a food additive indicates that it has been evaluated for safety in animal models at dietary exposure levels. However, comprehensive in vivo pharmacological studies specifically targeting 2-Methylanisole as an active pharmaceutical ingredient are not well documented in the available literature.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme/receptor binding assays for 2-Methylanisole typically involve testing its activity as a chemical intermediate or its potential to interact with biological targets. For PPAR-alpha activation studies, cell-free receptor binding assays may be employed using radiolabeled ligands and membrane preparations containing the receptor. The compound's antioxidant activity can be assessed using cell-free systems such as DPPH radical scavenging assays, ABTS assays, or ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Enzyme inhibition studies may utilize spectrophotometric methods to monitor substrate conversion in the presence of varying concentrations of the compound. For flavoring agent characterization, sensory evaluation panels are employed to assess olfactory properties. All assays are performed with appropriate controls and standardized protocols to ensure reproducibility of results.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for 2-Methylanisole involve culturing human endothelial cells to evaluate its effects on VCAM-1 expression. Cells are treated with varying concentrations of the compound or its derivatives, followed by stimulation with cytokines such as TNF-α to induce VCAM-1 overexpression. VCAM-1 levels are measured using ELISA, Western blotting, or flow cytometry. Cell viability is assessed using MTT or similar colorimetric assays to ensure that observed effects are not due to cytotoxicity. For metabolic studies, hepatocyte cell lines are used to examine the compound's biotransformation pathways. The compound's effects on endothelial cell hyperactivity are evaluated by measuring adhesion molecule expression and cell adhesion assays. All experiments are performed in triplicate with appropriate controls to ensure statistical reliability.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments for 2-Methylanisole are primarily conducted for safety evaluation purposes given its use as a food additive. Rodent models are typically used to assess the compound's toxicity and metabolic fate following oral or inhalation exposure. Animals are administered the compound at various doses, and parameters such as body weight, food consumption, and general health are monitored. Blood and tissue samples are collected for biochemical analysis and histopathological examination. The compound's volatile nature necessitates careful administration and monitoring during inhalation studies. Control groups receiving vehicle alone are included for comparison. All procedures must comply with institutional animal care and use committee guidelines. Comprehensive in vivo efficacy studies are not well documented as the compound is not considered a direct therapeutic agent.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The pharmacokinetic properties of 2-Methylanisole reflect its nature as a small volatile organic compound. It has a molecular weight of 122.17 and is lipophilic in nature. The compound is both a polar aprotic solvent and a volatile compound, suggesting rapid absorption through inhalation and gastrointestinal routes. Its volatility indicates that it can be readily eliminated through exhalation. The compound's use as a flavoring agent and solvent suggests it is metabolized through standard xenobiotic pathways in the liver. As a monomethoxybenzene, it may undergo O-demethylation and subsequent conjugation reactions. Complete pharmacokinetic profiling including half-life, clearance, and bioavailability would require further systematic studies using appropriate analytical methods such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicity profile of 2-Methylanisole has been evaluated in the context of its use as a food additive and chemical intermediate. The compound is generally recognized as safe at food additive levels. As a volatile organic compound, it may cause respiratory irritation upon inhalation of high concentrations. The compound's aromatic nature suggests potential skin and eye irritation with direct contact. Appropriate personal protective equipment including gloves, safety glasses, and laboratory coat should be worn when handling the compound. Work should be performed in a well-ventilated area or fume hood to minimize exposure to vapors. The compound is not approved for human therapeutic use and is intended for research and analytical applications only. Long-term toxicity studies would be needed to fully establish its safety profile for pharmaceutical applications.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
2-Methylanisole is a monomethoxybenzene formed by the conversion of the phenolic hydroxyl group of o-cresol to the corresponding methyl ether. It is a "green" solvent (boiling point 171℃) and food flavoring ingredient found in frankincense oil, extra virgin olive oil, and frankincense. It is both a polar aprotic solvent and a flavoring agent. It is a monomethoxybenzene, belonging to the volatile organic compounds and the toluene family. Its functional group is related to o-cresol. Reports have indicated the presence of 2-methylanisole in frankincense (Boswellia sacra), cornflower (Centaurea solstitialis), and rue (Ruta graveolens), and relevant data are available for reference.
2-Methylanisole (CAS# 578-58-5) is also known as o-methylanisole, 1-methoxy-2-methylbenzene, and邻甲基苯甲醚. It has a purity of up to 99.0% for research grade material. The compound serves as a monomethoxybenzene and acts as an intermediate for the preparation of compounds with methylhydroquinone core. It is a food additive and flavoring agent. The compound belongs to the volatile organic compounds and the toluene family. It is used in research and analytical applications as a reference standard. The compound's biological activity has been characterized in the context of its derivatives, including Gypenoside XLIX which is a selective PPAR-alpha activator. 2-Methylanisole is intended for research purposes only and not for human clinical use. |
| Molecular Formula |
C8H10O
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
122.16
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| Exact Mass |
122.073
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| CAS # |
578-58-5
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| Related CAS # |
2-Methylanisole-d3;258832-47-2
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| PubChem CID |
33637
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| Appearance |
Colorless to light yellow liquid（Density：0.985 g/cm3 ）
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| Density |
0.9±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
171.0±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
-34.1 °C
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| Flash Point |
51.7±0.0 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
1.9±0.3 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.494
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| LogP |
2.59
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
1
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
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| Heavy Atom Count |
9
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| Complexity |
80.6
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
O(C([H])([H])[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1C([H])([H])[H]
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| InChi Key |
DTFKRVXLBCAIOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C8H10O/c1-7-5-3-4-6-8(7)9-2/h3-6H,1-2H3
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| Chemical Name |
1-methoxy-2-methylbenzene
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: 100 mg/mL (818.60 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (20.46 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (20.46 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (20.46 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 8.1860 mL | 40.9299 mL | 81.8599 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.6372 mL | 8.1860 mL | 16.3720 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.8186 mL | 4.0930 mL | 8.1860 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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