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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
The primary target of SDKPDMAEIEKFDKSK is related to the actin-binding domain of thymosin beta4, which mediates its interaction with cellular actin and subsequent signaling pathways. The full-length thymosin beta4 (Tbeta4) inhibits PDGF-BB-induced fibrogenesis, proliferation and migration of HSC by blocking Akt phosphorylation. The peptide is derived from this domain and is used to dissect the structure-activity relationships of Tbeta4.
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| ln Vitro |
Thymosin β4 (Tβ4) is a 43-amino acid polypeptide that is a member of a broad family of tiny, physiologically active, highly conserved molecules. By preventing Akt phosphorylation, thymosin β4 (Tβ4) suppresses the fibrogenesis, proliferation, and migration of HSC stimulated by PDGF-BB[1].
In vitro, the parent protein thymosin beta4 (Tbeta4) has been extensively studied. Tbeta4 inhibits PDGF-BB-induced fibrogenesis, proliferation, and migration of human hepatic stellate cells (HSC) by blocking Akt phosphorylation. The SDKPDMAEIEKFDKSK peptide is derived from Tbeta4 and is used as a research tool to study these pathways. Detailed quantitative in vitro data for this specific peptide fragment (IC50, EC50) is not provided in standard literature. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, the parent protein thymosin beta4 has demonstrated efficacy in various animal models of tissue repair, fibrosis, and inflammation. Tbeta4 promotes wound healing, reduces scar formation, and protects against ischemic injury. SDKPDMAEIEKFDKSK, as a peptide derived from Tbeta4, is used to map the bioactive epitopes responsible for these effects. Specific in vivo data for this exact peptide sequence is not reported, but it serves as a tool to dissect the functional domains of the full-length Tbeta4 protein.
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| Enzyme Assay |
A standard biochemical assay for studying thymosin beta4 and its derived peptides is the actin-binding assay. This assay uses purified actin and pyrene-labeled actin to monitor polymerization. The peptide (SDKPDMAEIEKFDKSK or a fragment) is incubated with actin monomers, and the rate of polymerization is measured by the increase in pyrene fluorescence (excitation 365 nm, emission 407 nm). The extent of actin sequestration by the peptide can be quantified from the fluorescence kinetics.
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| Cell Assay |
A functional cellular assay for Tbeta4-derived peptides is the hepatic stellate cell (HSC) proliferation and migration assay. Primary human HSCs or an HSC cell line (e.g., LX-2) are serum-starved and then stimulated with PDGF-BB (10 ng/mL) in the presence or absence of varying concentrations of the test peptide. Proliferation is measured by 3H-thymidine incorporation or MTT assay after 48 hours. Migration is assessed using a Boyden chamber or scratch wound assay, quantifying the number of migrated cells or wound closure area. Akt phosphorylation is measured by Western blot.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo studies for Tbeta4 and its fragments are performed in rodent models of liver fibrosis, such as carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-treated mice. Mice are administered CCl4 (0.5 mL/kg, i.p., twice weekly) for 4-6 weeks to induce fibrosis. The test peptide or Tbeta4 is administered at doses of 0.1-1 mg/kg (i.p. or s.c., daily or every other day) starting concurrently with or after the induction of fibrosis. Endpoints include liver histology (Sirius Red staining for collagen, alpha-SMA for activated stellate cells), liver function tests (ALT, AST), and hydroxyproline content.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
SDKPDMAEIEKFDKSK is a peptide, and pharmacokinetics for peptide fragments are typically characterized by short half-life and poor oral bioavailability. For research purposes, it is typically administered via injection (intraperitoneal or intravenous) to achieve systemic exposure. The peptide is soluble in water (100 mg/mL), and for in vivo use, it should be freshly prepared. The full-length Tbeta4 has a plasma half-life of approximately 2-4 hours in rodents after IV administration, with rapid distribution to peripheral tissues.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Specific toxicity data for SDKPDMAEIEKFDKSK is not available. However, the parent compound, thymosin beta4, is an endogenous polypeptide with a well-established safety profile in clinical trials, where it has been administered at doses up to 300 mg without significant adverse events. Peptide fragments derived from Tbeta4 are generally considered low-toxicity research tools when used at standard research dosages. Standard laboratory safety precautions for handling peptides should be followed.
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| References |
[1]. Shah R, et al. Thymosin β4 inhibits PDGF-BB induced activation, proliferation, and migration of human hepatic stellate cells via its actin-binding domain. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2018;18(sup1):177-184.
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| Additional Infomation |
SDKPDMAEIEKFDKSK is a research peptide used for studying thymosin beta4 (Tbeta4), a highly conserved 43-amino acid polypeptide that belongs to a large family of small biologically active molecules. Thymosin beta4 (Tbeta4) inhibits PDGF-BB-induced fibrogenesis, proliferation and migration of HSC by blocking Akt phosphorylation. This peptide fragment is specifically derived from Tbeta4 and is intended for preclinical research only, with no approved therapeutic indications. The product is strictly for research use and not for human therapeutic use.
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| Molecular Formula |
C80H130N20O29S
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
1868.07
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| Exact Mass |
1866.903
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| CAS # |
1339864-27-5
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| PubChem CID |
168013090
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
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| LogP |
-18.7
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
27
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
35
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
67
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| Heavy Atom Count |
130
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| Complexity |
3790
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
17
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| SMILES |
CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCSC)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@@H]2CCCN2C(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)N
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| InChi Key |
CDYFRUGNOSVDGB-NNTWISEYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C80H130N20O29S/c1-5-42(2)64(99-71(119)49(26-28-60(105)106)87-65(113)43(3)86-67(115)50(29-35-130-4)90-74(122)56(39-63(111)112)97-77(125)58-24-17-34-100(58)79(127)51(22-11-15-32-83)92-75(123)54(37-61(107)108)94-66(114)45(85)40-101)78(126)91-48(25-27-59(103)104)70(118)88-46(20-9-13-30-81)68(116)95-53(36-44-18-7-6-8-19-44)72(120)96-55(38-62(109)110)73(121)89-47(21-10-14-31-82)69(117)98-57(41-102)76(124)93-52(80(128)129)23-12-16-33-84/h6-8,18-19,42-43,45-58,64,101-102H,5,9-17,20-41,81-85H2,1-4H3,(H,86,115)(H,87,113)(H,88,118)(H,89,121)(H,90,122)(H,91,126)(H,92,123)(H,93,124)(H,94,114)(H,95,116)(H,96,120)(H,97,125)(H,98,117)(H,99,119)(H,103,104)(H,105,106)(H,107,108)(H,109,110)(H,111,112)(H,128,129)/t42-,43-,45-,46-,47-,48-,49-,50-,51-,52-,53-,54-,55-,56-,57-,58-,64-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-3-carboxypropanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-3-carboxypropanoyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-3-carboxypropanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]hexanoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O: 100 mg/mL (53.53 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 100 mg/mL (53.53 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication.
(Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 0.5353 mL | 2.6766 mL | 5.3531 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.1071 mL | 0.5353 mL | 1.0706 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.0535 mL | 0.2677 mL | 0.5353 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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