| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Protoescigenin targets inflammatory pathways by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6 in activated macrophages. It also exhibits vasoprotective effects, supporting vascular tone. The compound's anti-inflammatory activity may be due to its ability to inhibit cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase enzymes, thereby reducing prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Its antioxidant activity involves scavenging free radicals and reducing oxidative stress. As the major aglycone of escin, it contributes to the biological activities of horse chestnut saponins, which are known for their vascular and anti-inflammatory effects.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro studies have demonstrated that Protoescigenin exhibits significant anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6 in activated macrophages. The compound shows antioxidant properties by scavenging free radicals and reducing oxidative stress in cellular models. It has been studied for vasoprotective activities. Its anti-inflammatory activity may involve inhibition of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase enzymes. These in vitro findings support its potential applications in cardiovascular and inflammatory research.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo studies of Protoescigenin have demonstrated its anti-inflammatory and vasoprotective effects. It has shown restorative effects on stenosis in animal studies. As the major aglycone of escin, it contributes to the pharmacological effects of horse chestnut extracts used for venous insufficiency. Its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities suggest potential for in vivo evaluation in cardiovascular disease models. However, comprehensive in vivo studies specifically targeting Protoescigenin are limited. The compound is primarily used as a research chemical and analytical standard.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme inhibition assays for Protoescigenin typically involve testing its anti-inflammatory activity through inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) enzymes. Enzyme activity is measured using appropriate substrates and detection methods. For anti-inflammatory studies, the compound's ability to inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokine production (TNF-α and IL-6) in activated macrophages is assessed by ELISA. Antioxidant activity is assessed using cell-free systems such as DPPH radical scavenging assays. For chemical studies, the compound is used as a substrate for selective protection and conjugation reactions. All assays are performed with appropriate controls.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for Protoescigenin involve culturing macrophages to evaluate its anti-inflammatory effects. Cells are treated with varying concentrations of the compound and stimulated with LPS. Pro-inflammatory cytokine production (TNF-α and IL-6) is measured by ELISA. Nitric oxide production is measured as an additional marker of inflammation. For antioxidant studies, cells are treated with the compound and then exposed to oxidative stress inducers; reactive oxygen species levels are measured using fluorescent probes. Cell viability is assessed using MTT or similar colorimetric assays. All experiments are performed in triplicate with appropriate controls.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments for Protoescigenin would be conducted to evaluate its anti-inflammatory, vasoprotective, and antioxidant activities. For venous insufficiency research, animal models of chronic venous disease would be used. For anti-inflammatory studies, animals with induced inflammation would be treated and inflammatory markers measured. For cardiovascular studies, parameters such as vascular tone and blood pressure would be assessed. Restorative effects on stenosis have been observed in animal studies. Parameters assessed would include body weight, organ weights, inflammatory markers, and histopathology. Control groups receiving vehicle alone would be included for comparison. All procedures comply with institutional animal care and use committee guidelines.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The pharmacokinetic properties of Protoescigenin reflect its nature as a triterpenoid aglycone. It has a molecular weight consistent with its formula C30H50O6. As a lipophilic triterpenoid, it would be absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. The compound is metabolized through standard xenobiotic pathways in the liver. Its use as a substrate for chemical modification suggests it can be derivatized to improve pharmacokinetic properties. Complete pharmacokinetic profiling including half-life, clearance, volume of distribution, and bioavailability would require further systematic studies.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicity profile of Protoescigenin has been evaluated in the context of its use as a research chemical. As the major aglycone of escin from horse chestnut, it is expected to have a safety profile similar to escin, which is used clinically for venous insufficiency. However, as with all research chemicals, proper handling procedures including use of personal protective equipment are recommended. The compound is not approved for human therapeutic use and is intended for research purposes only. Long-term toxicity studies would be needed to fully establish its safety profile for pharmaceutical applications.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Reports have indicated that Indian horse chestnut contains proscotinoin, and relevant data is available for reference.
Protoescigenin (CAS# 20853-07-0) is the major aglycone of the aescin (horse chestnut saponin) mixture. It has the molecular formula C30H50O6. The compound has been studied for anti-inflammatory, vasoprotective, and antioxidant activities. It supports vascular tone and is valuable in cardiovascular and venous insufficiency research. It demonstrates antioxidant properties by scavenging free radicals. Anti-inflammatory activity involves inhibition of COX and LOX enzymes. The compound is used as a substrate for exploratory chemistry towards selective protection. It is intended for research use only. |
| Molecular Formula |
C30H50O6
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
506.71
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| Exact Mass |
506.36
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| CAS # |
20853-07-0
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| PubChem CID |
15560300
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid
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| Density |
1.2±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
634.5±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
262.0±26.1 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±4.2 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.598
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| LogP |
3.98
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
6
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
6
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
36
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| Complexity |
932
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
12
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| SMILES |
CC1(CC2C3=CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC(C2(C(C1O)O)CO)O)C)C)(C)CO)O)C)C
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| InChi Key |
VKJLHZZPVLQJKG-JAGYOTNFSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C30H50O6/c1-25(2)13-18-17-7-8-20-26(3)11-10-21(33)27(4,15-31)19(26)9-12-28(20,5)29(17,6)14-22(34)30(18,16-32)24(36)23(25)35/h7,18-24,31-36H,8-16H2,1-6H3/t18-,19+,20+,21-,22+,23-,24-,26-,27+,28+,29+,30-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(3R,4R,4aR,5R,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9S,10S,12aR,14bS)-4a,9-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-3,4,5,10-tetrol
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| Synonyms |
Protoescigenin
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: 50 mg/mL (98.68 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.93 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.9735 mL | 9.8676 mL | 19.7352 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3947 mL | 1.9735 mL | 3.9470 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1974 mL | 0.9868 mL | 1.9735 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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