| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Gaultherin targets key inflammatory pathways, including NF-κB, MAPK, COX-2 (IC50 = 0.35 mg/mL), LOX (IC50 = 0.56 mg/mL), and HYAL (IC50 = 28.58 μg/mL). As a prodrug, it releases salicylic acid, which inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes. Importantly, Gaultherin leaves cyclooxygenase-1 unaffected, preserving cytoprotective prostaglandins in gastric epithelium. The compound also demonstrates antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.
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| ln Vitro |
Gaultherin demonstrates anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting COX-2 (IC50 = 0.35 mg/mL), LOX (IC50 = 0.56 mg/mL), and HYAL (IC50 = 28.58 μg/mL). The compound exhibits analgesic and antipyretic activities. It shows antioxidant activity and antimicrobial properties. Unlike aspirin, Gaultherin does not cause gastric ulceration due to its slow release of salicylate in the intestine. These in vitro findings support its potential as a safer alternative to synthetic salicylates.
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| ln Vivo |
Gaultherin has been studied for its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activities in vivo. As an orally active prodrug, it releases salicylic acid gradually via enzymatic hydrolysis in the gastrointestinal tract. Importantly, Gaultherin does not cause gastric ulcers because it releases salicylate slowly in the intestine, not in the stomach, and leaves cyclooxygenase-1 unaffected. These in vivo findings support its potential for treating inflammation-related conditions with reduced gastric side effects.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme inhibition assays for Gaultherin typically involve testing its activity against COX-2, LOX, and HYAL. Enzyme activity is measured using appropriate substrates and detection methods, with IC50 values of 0.35 mg/mL for COX-2, 0.56 mg/mL for LOX, and 28.58 μg/mL for HYAL. Anti-inflammatory activity is assessed by measuring inhibition of NF-κB and MAPK pathways. The compound's purity and identity are confirmed using analytical chemistry methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for Gaultherin involve culturing immune cells to evaluate its anti-inflammatory effects. Cells are treated with varying concentrations of the compound and stimulated with inflammatory stimuli. Pro-inflammatory cytokine production is measured by ELISA. COX-2 and LOX inhibition are assessed using enzyme activity assays in cell lysates. Cell viability is assessed using MTT or similar colorimetric assays. All experiments are performed in triplicate with appropriate controls to ensure statistical reliability.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments for Gaultherin have been conducted to evaluate its anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. Animal models of inflammation would be used, with parameters assessed including paw edema, pain responses, and inflammatory markers. Importantly, gastric ulceration is monitored to confirm the compound's lack of ulcerogenic effects. Control groups receiving vehicle alone or aspirin are included for comparison. All procedures comply with institutional animal care and use committee guidelines.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Gaultherin has a molecular formula and is an orally active prodrug that releases salicylic acid via enzymatic hydrolysis in the gastrointestinal tract. The compound's glycosidic form reduces gastric irritation compared to synthetic salicylates. It leaves cyclooxygenase-1 unaffected, preserving cytoprotective prostaglandins in gastric epithelium. Complete pharmacokinetic profiling including half-life, clearance, and bioavailability would require further systematic studies using appropriate analytical methods such as high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicity profile of Gaultherin is favorable compared to synthetic salicylates. The compound does not cause gastric ulcers because it releases salicylate slowly in the intestine, not in the stomach. It leaves cyclooxygenase-1 unaffected, preserving cytoprotective prostaglandins in gastric epithelium. Proper handling procedures including use of personal protective equipment are recommended when working with pure compound. The compound is not approved for human therapeutic use and is intended for research purposes only.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Gaultherin is a glycoside. It has been reported to exist in Phyllostachys edulis, Spiraea japonica, and other organisms with relevant data.
Gaultherin (CAS# 490-67-5) is a natural methyl salicylate glycoside isolated from Gaultheria species. The compound is an orally active non-steroidal anti-inflammatory prodrug that releases salicylic acid via enzymatic hydrolysis. Gaultherin inhibits COX-2 (IC50 = 0.35 mg/mL), LOX (IC50 = 0.56 mg/mL), and HYAL (IC50 = 28.58 μg/mL). It exhibits anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activities without gastric ulcerogenic effects. |
| Molecular Formula |
C19H26O12
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
446.40
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| Exact Mass |
446.142
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| CAS # |
490-67-5
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| PubChem CID |
5315244
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid
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| Density |
1.6±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
709.0±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
249.2ºC
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| Flash Point |
249.2±26.4 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±2.4 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.633
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| LogP |
0.25
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
6
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
12
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
7
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| Heavy Atom Count |
31
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| Complexity |
590
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
9
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| SMILES |
O1C([H])(C([H])(C([H])(C([H])(C1([H])C([H])([H])OC1([H])C([H])(C([H])(C([H])(C([H])([H])O1)O[H])O[H])O[H])O[H])O[H])O[H])OC1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1C(=O)OC([H])([H])[H]
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| InChi Key |
VHUNCYDAXJGCLO-AHMNSWSSSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C19H26O12/c1-27-17(26)8-4-2-3-5-10(8)30-19-16(25)14(23)13(22)11(31-19)7-29-18-15(24)12(21)9(20)6-28-18/h2-5,9,11-16,18-25H,6-7H2,1H3/t9-,11-,12+,13-,14+,15-,16-,18+,19-/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
methyl 2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxybenzoate
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| Synonyms |
Gaultherin
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: 100 mg/mL (224.01 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.60 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.60 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.60 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.2401 mL | 11.2007 mL | 22.4014 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4480 mL | 2.2401 mL | 4.4803 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2240 mL | 1.1201 mL | 2.2401 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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