| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Multiple targets including microbial targets, cancer cell signaling pathways, and neuroprotective pathways. Cyclo(Ile-Ala), as a cyclic dipeptide, may exhibit antimicrobial activity by disrupting bacterial cell membranes or inhibiting essential enzymes. It may have antitumor activity by inducing apoptosis or inhibiting cell proliferation in cancer cells. The compound may also have neuroprotective effects by modulating neurotransmitter systems or reducing oxidative stress. Cyclic dipeptides are known to interact with various molecular targets, including enzymes, receptors, and ion channels.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Cyclo(Ile-Ala) exhibits biological activities typical of cyclic dipeptides, including potential antimicrobial, antitumor, and neuroprotective effects. It may inhibit the growth of various bacterial and fungal strains. The compound may show cytotoxic activity against cancer cell lines. Its neuroprotective effects may involve protection against oxidative stress or excitotoxicity. The compound's specific in vitro activities would depend on the concentrations tested and the assay systems used. Further studies are needed to fully characterize its activity profile.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo studies of cyclo(Ile-Ala) are limited. As a cyclic dipeptide, it may have potential applications in the treatment of infectious diseases, cancer, and neurological disorders. Cyclic dipeptides are generally stable to proteolysis and may have good oral bioavailability. Further in vivo studies are needed to characterize the compound's pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, as well as its efficacy and safety profile.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Non-cell-based assays for cyclo(Ile-Ala) include antimicrobial susceptibility testing using broth microdilution or agar diffusion methods to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against bacterial and fungal strains. Antitumor activity can be assessed using enzyme inhibition assays or cell-free systems. Standard analytical methods including HPLC, NMR, and mass spectrometry are used for compound characterization.
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| Cell Assay |
Cell-based assays for cyclo(Ile-Ala) use various cell lines to assess its biological activities. For antimicrobial studies, bacterial or fungal cultures are treated with the compound and growth inhibition is measured. For antitumor studies, cancer cell lines are treated with the compound, and cell viability (MTT), apoptosis (Annexin V/PI), and cell cycle progression are assessed. For neuroprotective studies, neuronal cell lines are exposed to oxidative stress inducers or excitotoxic agents and treated with the compound, and cell viability is measured.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo studies of cyclo(Ile-Ala) are limited. Based on its biological activities, potential animal models include: infection models for antimicrobial evaluation; tumor xenograft models for anticancer evaluation; and models of neurodegeneration for neuroprotective evaluation. Standard protocols for these models involve administration of the compound followed by measurement of relevant endpoints.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Cyclo(Ile-Ala) has a molecular formula of C₉H₁₆N₂O₂ and a molecular weight of approximately 184.24 g/mol. It is a cyclic dipeptide (diketopiperazine) composed of isoleucine and alanine residues. The compound is soluble in water and organic solvents such as DMSO. It should be stored as a powder at -20°C for up to 3 years or in solvent at -80°C for 1 year. It is intended for research use only.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Specific toxicity data for cyclo(Ile-Ala) are limited. As a cyclic dipeptide, it is generally considered to have low toxicity. However, comprehensive toxicological studies have not been reported. Standard laboratory safety practices should be followed when handling this compound, including the use of personal protective equipment. It is intended for research use only.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
According to reports, Ile-Ala rings have been found in Streptomyces niger and Nocardia alba, and relevant data are available.
Cyclo(Ile-Ala) is a cyclic dipeptide (diketopiperazine) composed of isoleucine (Ile) and alanine (Ala) residues. Cyclic dipeptides are the smallest cyclic peptides and are formed by the condensation of two amino acids. They are found in various natural sources and exhibit a wide range of biological activities, including antimicrobial, antitumor, antiviral, and neuroprotective effects. Cyclic dipeptides are of interest in drug discovery due to their stability to proteolysis, conformational rigidity, and potential for oral bioavailability. Cyclo(Ile-Ala) is used as a research compound for studying the biological activities of cyclic dipeptides and their potential therapeutic applications. It is for research use only. |
| Molecular Formula |
C9H16N2O2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
184.24
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| Exact Mass |
184.121
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| CAS # |
90821-99-1
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| PubChem CID |
45359405
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid
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| Density |
1.0±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
432.0±38.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
194.2±26.9 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.0 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.452
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| LogP |
-0.17
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
13
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| Complexity |
228
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
O=C1C(C(C)CC)NC(C(C)N1)=O
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| InChi Key |
JDRIJDPCYNFZIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C9H16N2O2/c1-4-5(2)7-9(13)10-6(3)8(12)11-7/h5-7H,4H2,1-3H3,(H,10,13)(H,11,12)
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| Chemical Name |
3-butan-2-yl-6-methylpiperazine-2,5-dione
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| Synonyms |
Cyclo(Ile-Ala)
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: 41.67 mg/mL (226.17 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (11.29 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (11.29 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (11.29 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.4277 mL | 27.1385 mL | 54.2770 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.0855 mL | 5.4277 mL | 10.8554 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5428 mL | 2.7139 mL | 5.4277 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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