| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
CSE
Multiple targets including antioxidant enzymes, inflammatory mediators, and microbial targets. Norswertianolin, as a xanthone glycoside, exhibits antioxidant activity by scavenging free radicals and upregulating antioxidant enzymes. It may also have anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as NO, TNF-α, and IL-6. The compound may show antimicrobial activity against various bacterial and fungal strains. Xanthones are known to interact with multiple cellular targets, including enzymes involved in oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell proliferation. |
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| ln Vitro |
On H2O2-induced H9c2 cells, norswertianolin (3.125~50 μM; H9c2 cells) exhibits protective properties. In H9c2 cells, norswertianolin dramatically raises HO-1 and GCLC transcription levels[1]. The CSE protein level is increased by norswertianolin (0~150 μM) at high concentrations in HepG2 cells[2].
Norswertianolin exhibits biological activities typical of xanthone glycosides, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects. The compound may scavenge free radicals and reduce oxidative stress in various in vitro systems. It may inhibit the production of inflammatory mediators in activated immune cells. Antimicrobial activity may be observed against various bacterial and fungal strains. The compound's specific in vitro activities would depend on the concentrations tested and the assay systems used. Further studies are needed to fully characterize its in vitro activity profile. |
| ln Vivo |
Norswertianolin increases CSE/H2S production (4.4 mg/kg/day; s.c.; 1 week)[2]. Acute I/R renal tubular injury is lessened by the use of norswertianolin. The DHE fluorescence intensity of norswertianolin also lowers I/R-stimulated ROS. Inhibiting vascular remodeling, reducing inflammation, and having anti-hypertensive effects are the actions of norswertianolin [2].
In vivo studies of norswertianolin are limited. As a xanthone glycoside, it is expected to be metabolized by intestinal microbiota to release the aglycone, which may be absorbed systemically. Xanthones from Swertia and Gentiana species have been used in traditional medicine for their hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic effects. Further in vivo studies are needed to characterize the compound's specific pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. |
| Enzyme Assay |
Non-cell-based assays for norswertianolin include standard antioxidant assays such as DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS radical scavenging, and FRAP assays. Anti-inflammatory activity can be assessed by measuring inhibition of COX-2, LOX, or cytokine production in enzyme assays. Antimicrobial activity is assessed by broth microdilution for MIC determination against bacterial and fungal strains. Standard analytical methods including HPLC, NMR, and mass spectrometry are used for compound characterization.
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| Cell Assay |
Cell-based assays for norswertianolin use various cell lines to assess its biological activities. Macrophage cell lines (e.g., RAW 264.7) are stimulated with LPS and treated with the compound, and inflammatory mediators in culture supernatant are measured. For antioxidant studies, cells are exposed to oxidative stress inducers and treated with the compound, and intracellular ROS levels are measured. For antimicrobial studies, bacterial or fungal cultures are treated with the compound and growth inhibition is measured. Cytotoxicity is assessed using standard cell viability assays.
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| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: Male Sprague Dawley rats (10~12 weeks)[2]
Doses: 4.4 mg/kg/day Route of Administration: S.c. Experimental Results: Improved CSE/H2S production. In vivo studies of norswertianolin are limited. Based on its biological activities, potential animal models include: carrageenan-induced paw edema for anti-inflammatory evaluation; CCl₄-induced liver injury for hepatoprotective evaluation; and infection models for antimicrobial evaluation. Standard protocols for these models involve administration of the compound followed by measurement of relevant endpoints. |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Norswertianolin has a molecular formula of C₁₉H₁₈O₁₁ and a molecular weight of approximately 422.34 g/mol. It is a xanthone glycoside found in various plant species. The compound is soluble in organic solvents such as DMSO and methanol. It should be stored as a powder at -20°C for up to 3 years or in solvent at -80°C for 1 year. It is intended for research use only.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Specific toxicity data for norswertianolin are limited. Xanthones are generally considered to have low to moderate toxicity. However, comprehensive toxicological studies have not been reported for this specific compound. Standard laboratory safety practices should be followed when handling this compound, including the use of personal protective equipment. It is intended for research use only.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Nosvetinoline is a β-D-glucoside belonging to the belidinedin class of compounds, with a β-D-glucopyranose residue linked at the O-8 position. It is a natural product, primarily found in Gentiana campestris and Gentiana germanica. It is an EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor and metabolite. It belongs to the xanthonesone class of compounds and is also a β-D-glucoside. Its function is related to that of belidinedin compounds. Nosvetinoline has been reported in Swertia macrosperma, Gentianella nitida, and several other organisms with relevant data.
Norswertianolin is a naturally occurring xanthone glycoside found in various plant species, including Swertia and Gentiana species. Xanthones are a class of polyphenolic compounds known for their diverse biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, and anticancer effects. The compound is used as a reference standard for the identification and quantification of xanthones in plant extracts and for research purposes. It is for research use only. |
| Molecular Formula |
C19H18O11
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
422.34
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| Exact Mass |
422.084
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| CAS # |
54954-12-0
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| PubChem CID |
5281659
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| Appearance |
White to light yellow solid
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| Density |
1.8±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
833.7±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
300.4±27.8 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±3.2 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.758
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| LogP |
-1.66
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
7
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
11
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
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| Heavy Atom Count |
30
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| Complexity |
632
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
5
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| SMILES |
O1[C@]([H])([C@@]([H])([C@]([H])([C@@]([H])([C@@]1([H])C([H])([H])O[H])O[H])O[H])O[H])OC1C([H])=C([H])C(=C2C=1C(C1=C(C([H])=C(C([H])=C1O2)O[H])O[H])=O)O[H]
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| InChi Key |
MYWLBRTZOYHDOU-FJMCMGCSSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C19H18O11/c20-5-11-14(24)16(26)17(27)19(30-11)29-9-2-1-7(22)18-13(9)15(25)12-8(23)3-6(21)4-10(12)28-18/h1-4,11,14,16-17,19-24,26-27H,5H2/t11-,14-,16+,17-,19-/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
1,3,5-trihydroxy-8-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyxanthen-9-one
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| Synonyms |
Norswertianolin
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: 25 mg/mL (59.19 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.92 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: 2.5 mg/mL (5.92 mM) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.3678 mL | 11.8388 mL | 23.6776 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4736 mL | 2.3678 mL | 4.7355 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2368 mL | 1.1839 mL | 2.3678 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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