| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
The primary target is protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (PPO), a key enzyme in the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway. Tiafenacil inhibits PPO (IC50 = 28 nM for the Arabidopsis thaliana enzyme), leading to the accumulation of protoporphyrinogen IX. This causes the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plant cells, resulting in rapid lipid peroxidation, membrane disruption, and cell death.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Low oral and dermal acute toxicity is a feature of tiafenacil [1]. Tiafenacil induces severe growth suppression in velvetleaf at 1 µM, and at 5 µM, it causes desiccation and death[1].
In vitro, Tiafenacil potently inhibits PPO enzyme activity with an IC50 of 28 nM. Foliar application of 1 uM per day for seven days induces death in velvetleaf (A. theophrasti), amaranth (A. cruentus), soybean, and rapeseed seedlings. It also induces death in common lambsquarters, kochia, redroot pigweed, and green foxtail in field studies when applied at 49.6 g/ha. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Tiafenacil acts as a herbicide in greenhouse and field settings. It is rapidly absorbed by plant foliage and translocates to meristematic tissues. Application leads to rapid desiccation, chlorosis (yellowing), necrosis (tissue death), and ultimately plant death within 2-4 days, as the inhibition of PPO causes unchecked oxidative damage to cell membranes.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Non-cellular assays measure PPO enzyme inhibition. Arabidopsis thaliana PPO enzyme is recombinantly expressed and purified. The enzyme is incubated with its substrate protoporphyrinogen IX in the presence of varying concentrations of Tiafenacil. The reaction is stopped, and the accumulation of the fluorescent product protoporphyrin IX is measured using a fluorescence plate reader. The IC50 value (28 nM) is calculated from the dose-response curve.
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| Cell Assay |
Herbicidal activity is tested in whole plant greenhouse assays. Weed seeds are sown in pots and allowed to grow to a specified growth stage (e.g., 2-4 leaf stage). Tiafenacil is applied by foliar spray at rates of 10-200 g/ha using a track sprayer. Control plants receive water only. Plants are maintained in a greenhouse with optimal light and temperature. Visible injury (percentage of chlorosis and necrosis) is assessed at 3, 7, and 14 days after treatment. Fresh and dry shoot weights are measured at endpoint to calculate % growth reduction.
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| Animal Protocol |
Tiafenacil is evaluated in field trials according to agricultural guidelines. The herbicide is applied to crop fields (e.g., soybean or corn) at recommended rates (approximately 50-100 g/ha) using a commercial boom sprayer. Weed control efficacy is visually assessed at 7, 14, and 28 days post-application. Crop safety (phytotoxicity to the desired crop) is also evaluated. Weed biomass is measured at harvest by cutting and weighing weeds from defined quadrats.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Tiafenacil is an herbicide, not a pharmaceutical, so PK data in mammals is limited. For agricultural purposes, it is applied as a foliar spray and degrades in the environment. It has low to moderate toxicity to mammals and degrades with a half-life in soil of days to weeks. It is not designed for systemic absorption in mammals. In plants, it is absorbed through foliage and translocated via the phloem.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Tiafenacil is classified as a pesticide and has undergone regulatory toxicity assessment. It is considered toxic to the environment (aquatic organisms) but has low acute oral toxicity in mammals (LD50 > 500 mg/kg). Chronic toxicity studies in rodents would be required for registration. It causes severe eye and skin irritation. It is not a therapeutic drug and has no human clinical safety data.
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| References |
[1]. Joonghyuk Park, et al. Biochemical and physiological mode of action of tiafenacil, a new protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase-inhibiting herbicide. Pestic Biochem Physiol. 2018 Nov;152:38-44.
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| Additional Infomation |
The molecular formula of Tiafenacil is C19H18ClF4N3O5S with a molecular weight of 511.87. It is formulated as a solid (≥98% purity) and is sparingly soluble in DMSO (1-10 mg/mL) but soluble in ethanol (≥10 mg/mL). Tiafenacil is a relatively new herbicide, developed by ISK Biosciences and registered in several countries. It has no human medical applications.
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| Molecular Formula |
C19H18CLF4N3O5S
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
511.87
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| Exact Mass |
511.059
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| CAS # |
1220411-29-9
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| PubChem CID |
67295585
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.5±0.1 g/cm3
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| Index of Refraction |
1.578
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| LogP |
1.84
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
10
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
8
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| Heavy Atom Count |
33
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| Complexity |
828
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
ClC1=CC(=C(C=C1SC(C)C(NCCC(=O)OC)=O)N1C(C=C(C(F)(F)F)N(C)C1=O)=O)F
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| InChi Key |
QPTPZPIXUPELRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C19H18ClF4N3O5S/c1-9(17(30)25-5-4-16(29)32-3)33-13-7-12(11(21)6-10(13)20)27-15(28)8-14(19(22,23)24)26(2)18(27)31/h6-9H,4-5H2,1-3H3,(H,25,30)
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| Chemical Name |
methyl 3-[2-[2-chloro-4-fluoro-5-[3-methyl-2,6-dioxo-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-1-yl]phenyl]sulfanylpropanoylamino]propanoate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: 100 mg/mL (195.36 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.88 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: 2.5 mg/mL (4.88 mM) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with ultrasonication. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.88 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.9536 mL | 9.7681 mL | 19.5362 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3907 mL | 1.9536 mL | 3.9072 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1954 mL | 0.9768 mL | 1.9536 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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