| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5g |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Glutathione synthesis pathway; cysteine uptake. Procysteine is a cysteine prodrug that is metabolized intracellularly to cysteine. Cysteine is the rate-limiting amino acid for glutathione (GSH) synthesis. By replenishing intracellular cysteine, procysteine stimulates glutathione synthesis and enhances cellular antioxidant capacity.
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| ln Vitro |
Procysteine is an inert compound that is metabolized intracellularly to cysteine, which then stimulates the synthesis of glutathione (GSH). Its ability to replenish intracellular cysteine, the rate-limiting amino acid for glutathione synthesis, underpins its primary antioxidant function. In vitro studies have demonstrated its capacity to increase intracellular glutathione levels in various cell types.
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| ln Vivo |
Treatment with oxothiazolidinecarboxylic acid reduced plantaris atrophy, raised glutathione levels, and increased the expression of the catalase, Cu/Zn-SOD1, and Mn-SOD2 mRNAs, but it did not lower the levels of these catabolic factors or other oxidant stress markers[1].
In vivo, procysteine is metabolized to cysteine, which stimulates glutathione synthesis. It has been studied for its therapeutic potential in conditions involving oxidative stress and inflammation. By increasing glutathione levels, it may protect cells and tissues from oxidative damage. Further in vivo studies are needed to fully characterize its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, as well as its efficacy and safety profile. |
| Enzyme Assay |
Non-cell-based assays for procysteine include measurement of its conversion to cysteine in vitro using enzymatic or chemical methods. Glutathione levels can be measured using colorimetric or fluorometric assays in cell lysates or tissue homogenates. Standard analytical methods including HPLC, NMR, and mass spectrometry are used for compound characterization and purity assessment.
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| Cell Assay |
Cell-based assays for procysteine use various cell lines to assess its effects on intracellular glutathione levels. Cells are treated with the compound at various concentrations, and glutathione levels are measured using colorimetric, fluorometric, or HPLC-based assays. Cytotoxicity is assessed using standard cell viability assays. The compound's protective effects against oxidative stress can be assessed by exposing cells to oxidative stress inducers.
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| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: Male SD (Sprague-Dawley) rats (200-250 g, n= 6-7 rats/group)[1].
Doses: 0.35% (w/v). Route of Administration: Added to their diets at a concentration of 0.35% (w/v) ) for the final 12 wk. Experimental Results: Increased fiber CSAs compared to the non-supplemented, alcohol-fed group. In vivo studies of procysteine are conducted in animal models of oxidative stress and inflammation. The compound is administered via oral or intraperitoneal injection. Tissue glutathione levels, oxidative stress markers, and inflammatory markers are assessed. The compound's therapeutic potential is evaluated in models of conditions such as ischemia-reperfusion injury, neurodegenerative diseases, and inflammatory disorders. |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Procysteine has a molecular formula of C₄H₅NO₃S and a molecular weight of 147.15 g/mol. The IUPAC name is (4R)-2-oxo-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid. Purity is ≥98%. It appears as a solid at room temperature. It is a synthetic cysteine prodrug that is metabolized intracellularly to cysteine. It should be stored under recommended conditions.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Procysteine is a cysteine prodrug that is metabolized intracellularly to cysteine, which stimulates glutathione synthesis. It has garnered significant attention for its therapeutic potential in conditions involving oxidative stress and inflammation. It is not intended for human therapeutic use without further validation. Standard laboratory safety practices should be followed when handling this compound.
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| References |
[1]. Jeffrey S Otis, et al. Procysteine Stimulates Expression of Key Anabolic Factors and Reduces Plantaris Atrophy in Alcohol-Fed Rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2009 Aug;33(8):1450-9.
[2]. Saito K, Kimura S, Saga T, et al. Protective effect of procysteine on Acinetobacter pneumonia in hyperoxic conditions. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2013;68(10):2305-2310. |
| Additional Infomation |
(4R)-2-oxo-4-thiazolidinic acid is an organic nitrogen and organic oxygen compound whose function is related to α-amino acids. Cysteine has been used in clinical trials investigating the treatment of HIV infection.
Procysteine (L-2-Oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, OTC) is a synthetic cysteine prodrug. It is an inert compound that is metabolized intracellularly to cysteine, which then stimulates the synthesis of glutathione (GSH), the body's primary antioxidant. Its ability to replenish intracellular cysteine, the rate-limiting amino acid for glutathione synthesis, underpins its primary antioxidant function. It has been studied for its therapeutic potential in conditions involving oxidative stress and inflammation. It is for research use only. |
| Molecular Formula |
C4H5NO3S
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
147.15
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| Exact Mass |
146.999
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| CAS # |
19771-63-2
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| PubChem CID |
72390
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.6±0.1 g/cm3
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| Melting Point |
174 °C (dec.)(lit.)
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| Index of Refraction |
1.595
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| LogP |
-1.11
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
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| Heavy Atom Count |
9
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| Complexity |
158
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
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| SMILES |
S1C(N([H])[C@]([H])(C(=O)O[H])C1([H])[H])=O
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| InChi Key |
BMLMGCPTLHPWPY-REOHCLBHSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C4H5NO3S/c6-3(7)2-1-9-4(8)5-2/h2H,1H2,(H,5,8)(H,6,7)/t2-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(4R)-2-oxo-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: 250 mg/mL (1698.95 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (14.14 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (14.14 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (14.14 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 6.7958 mL | 33.9789 mL | 67.9579 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.3592 mL | 6.7958 mL | 13.5916 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6796 mL | 3.3979 mL | 6.7958 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Link: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00002114
Conditions:HIV InfectionsProducts are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
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