| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10mg |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| Other Sizes |
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| Targets |
Its analgesic effects are hypothesized to involve modulation of inflammatory pathways, but direct molecular targets remain unspecified [1]
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|---|---|
| ln Vivo |
- α-Truxillic Acid and its derivatives exhibited significant antinociceptive activity in the mouse formalin test, particularly inhibiting the inflammatory phase (phase II) of pain. Specifically, derivative 4,4'-dihydroxy-α-truxillic acid (compound 2) and 1,3-dibenzoyl-2,4-di(4-chlorophenyl)cyclobutane (compound 6) showed stronger efficacy than indomethacin, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). The inhibitory effect on paw licking time was dose-dependent [1]
- Oral or intraperitoneal administration of α-Truxillic Acid derivatives reduced acetic acid-induced writhing in mice, further confirming anti-inflammatory analgesic properties. The magnitude of effect increased with higher doses, though exact ED50 values were not provided [1] |
| Animal Protocol |
- Formalin test: Male mice were administered α-Truxillic Acid or its derivatives via oral gavage or intraperitoneal injection. The compound was dissolved in a mixture of DMSO and PBS (1:12 v/v) to ensure solubility. Thirty minutes after administration, 20 μL of 5% formalin was injected into the hind paw, and the total time spent licking the paw was recorded for 30 minutes (phase I: 0-5 min; phase II: 15-30 min). Indomethacin was used as a positive control [1]
- Acetic acid-induced writhing test: Mice received α-Truxillic Acid derivatives (dissolved in DMSO/PBS) intraperitoneally. Ten minutes later, 0.6% acetic acid was injected intraperitoneally, and the number of writhes was counted over 15 minutes [1] |
| References |
[1]. Antinociceptive activities of alpha-truxillic acid and beta-truxinic acid derivatives. Biol Pharm Bull. 2006 Mar;29(3):580-4.
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| Additional Infomation |
- α-Truxillic Acid is a dimeric derivative of trans-cinnamic acid, with a cyclobutane core structure. Its antinociceptive activity is structurally dependent: α-configured derivatives showed stronger efficacy than β-isomers, and substitutions (e.g., hydroxyl, chloro groups) on the benzene ring enhanced activity [1]
- The mechanism of action is proposed to involve inhibition of inflammatory mediators (e.g., prostaglandins, leukotrienes), though direct evidence (e.g., COX/LOX inhibition) was not provided. The analgesic effect was partially reversed by naloxone, suggesting potential involvement of opioid pathways [1] |
| Molecular Formula |
C18H16O4
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
296.32
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| Exact Mass |
296.104
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| CAS # |
490-20-0
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| PubChem CID |
78213
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.3±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
470.5±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
252.4±25.2 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.2 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.629
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| LogP |
3.57
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
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| Heavy Atom Count |
22
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| Complexity |
369
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
C1=CC=C(C=C1)[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](C3=CC=CC=C3)[C@H]2C(=O)O)C(=O)O
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| InChi Key |
QWFRRFLKWRIKSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C18H16O4/c19-17(20)15-13(11-7-3-1-4-8-11)16(18(21)22)14(15)12-9-5-2-6-10-12/h1-10,13-16H,(H,19,20)(H,21,22)
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| Chemical Name |
2,4-diphenylcyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid
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| Synonyms |
Truxillic acid; 4462-95-7; 2,4-Diphenyl-1,3-cyclobutanedicarboxylic acid; DTXSID20196252; DTXCID30118743; 490-20-0; alpha-Truxillic Acid; 2,4-Diphenylcyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid;
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: 125 mg/mL (421.84 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (7.02 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (7.02 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (7.02 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.3747 mL | 16.8737 mL | 33.7473 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6749 mL | 3.3747 mL | 6.7495 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3375 mL | 1.6874 mL | 3.3747 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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