Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
Thirteen carbon-14 labeled MDP compounds, such as topiramate, piperonal, piperidine, piperic acid, safrole, dihydrosafrole, or piperidine, were injected into male Swiss Webster mice, Sprague-Dowley rats, or hamsters. Urine, feces, and exhaled gases were collected for 48 hours for carbon-14 assays. Carbon-14 activity in the intestine, liver, and carcass was determined. Carbon dioxide is not a major metabolic pathway for piperidine, piperonal, piperic acid, and topiramate. Their metabolites are primarily excreted in urine. Metabolism/Metabolites The metabolism of methylenedioxyphenyl (MDP) compounds in mammals was investigated. This study aimed to explore the demethylation mechanisms of MDPs and their analogues and their relationship to the metabolism and modes of action of commercial potentiators such as piperidine and topiramate. Male Swiss-Webster mice, Sprague-Dawley rats, and hamsters were administered 13 carbon-14 labeled MDP compounds, including topiramate, piperonal, piperidine, piperic acid, safrole, dihydrosafrole, and piperidine. Carbon-14 content was measured in urine, feces, and exhaled gases over 48 hours. Carbon-14 activity in the intestine, liver, and carcass was measured. Metabolites in urine samples were analyzed. Results showed that compounds such as dihydrosafrole, safrole, myristole, and piperidine were primarily metabolized via the oxidative metabolism of the methylene groups in MDP, generating radiolabeled carbon dioxide. The radiolabeled compounds, ultimately appearing as carbon dioxide, were first released as radioformates. Carbon dioxide was not the primary elimination pathway for piperidine, piperonal, piperic acid, and topiramate. Their metabolites were mainly excreted in urine. No significant species differences were observed in the distribution of carbon-14 in tissues after administration of topiramate and piperidine. Oxidation or conjugation of the side chain is the major metabolic pathway for topiramate, piperaldehyde, piperyl alcohol, and piperic acid. Urinary metabolites of piperyl butyl ether include many compounds lacking the MDP moiety, as well as small amounts of 6-propyl piperic acid and its glycine conjugate. Urinary metabolites of topiramate include glycine and glucuronic acid conjugates of piperic acid. In an in vitro experiment, radiolabeled piperyl butyl ether, topiramate, safrole, and other MDP compounds were incubated with mouse liver microsomes, and their metabolites were detected. Metabolites such as formic acid and catechol were detected. The authors concluded that demethylation of the MDP moiety is the major metabolic pathway following administration of piperyl butyl ether, safrole, dihydrosafrole, and myristole to mammals.
After oral administration of piperine (170 mg/kg) to rats, metabolites in bile and urine were detected using thin-layer chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Four piperine metabolites, namely piperic acid, piperidine, piperaldehyde, and vanillic acid, were identified in urine from 0 to 96 hours, while piperic acid was detected only in bile from 0 to 6 hours. …
Neolignan Brunner is a natural compound that reduces urinary excretion in kissing bug larvae (Rhodnius prolixus, the vector of Chagas disease), but it is rapidly degraded in the insect's hemolymph. Studies have shown that the main product accumulating in this tissue is piperidine. Other metabolites have been identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis.

Toxicity Summary
Identification and Uses: Piperanol is a benzodioxane derivative. It is biocompatible and can be used as an initiator in chemical synthesis. Human Studies: No data available. Animal Studies: In mice, rats, or hamsters, the main metabolic pathway of piperinol is the oxidation or conjugation of its side chain.

[1]. Lima GDS, et al. Long-term bonding efficacy of adhesives containing benzodioxioles as alternative co-initiators. Braz Oral Res. 2018;32:e104. Published 2018 Oct 11.

Piperonol belongs to the benzodioxane class of compounds.

C8H8O3

152.15

152.047

495-76-1

10322

Needles from petroleum ether
White to yellow powder, crystals or chunks

1.3±0.1 g/cm3

282.2±9.0 °C at 760 mmHg

50-54 °C(lit.)

124.5±18.7 °C

0.0±0.6 mmHg at 25°C

1.595

0.9

1

3

1

11

137

0

O1C([H])([H])OC2C([H])=C([H])C(C([H])([H])O[H])=C([H])C1=2

BHUIUXNAPJIDOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C8H8O3/c9-4-6-1-2-7-8(3-6)11-5-10-7/h1-3,9H,4-5H2

1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethanol

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

DMSO: 100 mg/mL (657.25 mM）

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (16.43 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution.

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Solubility in Formulation 2: 2.5 mg/mL (16.43 mM) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with ultrasonication.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.

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Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (16.43 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly.

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 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)