| Size | Price | |
|---|---|---|
| 500mg | ||
| 1g | ||
| Other Sizes |
| ln Vitro |
Plumericin (0.5-2 μM; pre-incubation for 1 hour, then co-incubation with IS for 24 hours) significantly reduced IS-induced apoptosis in IEC-6 cells, decreased Bax expression, and increased Bcl-2 expression [1]. Plumericin (0.5-2 μM; pre-incubation for 1 hour, then co-incubation with IS for 24 hours) significantly inhibited IS-induced expression of iNOS, COX-2, and caspase-1, as well as IL-1β production in IEC-6 cells [1]. Plumericin (0.3-3 μM; pre-incubation for 30 minutes, serum stimulation for 24 hours) inhibited serum-induced proliferation of primary rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells, with an IC50 of 1.11 μM, which was determined by the BrdU incorporation method after 30 minutes of pre-incubation and 24 hours of serum stimulation [2]. Plumericin (0.5-2 μM; 24 h) did not inhibit the proliferation of rat intestinal epithelial cells IEC-6[3]. Plumericin (0.3-10 μM; 30 min pretreatment + 4 h incubation) effectively inhibited TNF-α-induced and constitutively activated IKK-β-induced NF-κB pathway activation in HEK293/NF-κB-luc cells, with an IC50 of 1.07 μM for TNF-α-induced transcriptional activation, and did not change basal NF-κB activity[4]. Plumericin (0.5-2 μM; 24 h) significantly increased the migration rate of LPS + IFN-stimulated IEC-6 cells and promoted intestinal epithelial injury repair[5]. Plumericin (serial dilutions; MIC for 5 days, MBC for 6 weeks) inhibited the growth of pan-sensitive Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. The MIC was 2.1 ± 0.12 μg/mL, and the viable count was reduced by ≥99% at an MBC of 3.6 ± 0.22 μg/mL [6].
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|---|---|
| ln Vivo |
In a DNBS-induced CD1 male mouse colitis model, plumerin (3 mg/kg; intraperitoneal injection; once daily for 4 days) exhibited significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities [3]. Plumerin (3 mg/kg; intraperitoneal injection; twice daily) significantly reduced thioglycolate-induced peritoneal neutrophil recruitment in mice (P < 0.001) [4]. Plumerin (3 mg/kg; intraperitoneal injection; once daily for 4 days) significantly alleviated colonic inflammation, PARP activation, and apoptosis damage in a DNBS-induced mouse colitis model [5].
|
| Cell Assay |
Apoptosis Analysis [1]
Cell Types: IEC-6 rat intestinal epithelial cells Tested Concentrations: 0.5-2 μM Incubation Duration: Pre-incubated for 1 hour, then co-incubated with IS for 24 hours Experimental Results: IS-induced apoptosis was significantly reduced at all test concentrations. Compared with cells treated with IS alone, the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax was significantly reduced at all test concentrations. Compared with cells treated with IS alone, the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was significantly increased at all test concentrations. Immunofluorescence [1] Cell Types: IEC-6 rat intestinal epithelial cells Tested Concentrations: 1 μM Incubation Duration: 1 hour before IS Experimental Results: Compared with cells treated with IS alone, IS significantly reduced NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation and decreased nuclear NF-κB p65 fluorescence intensity. |
| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models:CD1 mice (male, 20-25 g, DNBS-induced colitis) [3]
Doses: 3 mg/kg Route of Administration: Intraperitoneal injection; once daily for 4 consecutive days Experimental Results: Compared with mice injected with DNBS alone, weight loss was significantly reduced. Colonic shortening was inhibited compared with mice injected with DNBS alone. Macroscopic colonic injury score was significantly reduced. Histological manifestations of colonic injury were reduced, including reduced cell infiltration, edema and inflammatory lesions. Colonic TNF-α level was significantly reduced (P < .001 compared with DNBS group). DNBS-induced IκB-α degradation and NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation were inhibited. Colonic malondialdehyde (MDA) level was significantly reduced (P < .001 compared with DNBS group). The immunoreactivity of nitrotyrosine in colonic tissue was decreased (P < .001 compared to the DNBS group). Colonic Nrf2 and superoxide dismutase (SOD) expression were significantly increased. Colonic IL-1β levels were significantly decreased (P < .001 compared to the DNBS group). Colonic caspase-1 expression was decreased. |
| References |
|
| Molecular Formula |
C15H14O6
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
290.27
|
| CAS # |
77-16-7
|
| Appearance |
Typically exists as solids at room temperature
|
| SMILES |
C(\C)=C/1\[C@]2([C@]3([C@@]4([C@](C=C3)(C(C(OC)=O)=CO[C@@]4(O2)[H])[H])[H])OC1=O)[H]
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.4451 mL | 17.2253 mL | 34.4507 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6890 mL | 3.4451 mL | 6.8901 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3445 mL | 1.7225 mL | 3.4451 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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