| Size | Price | |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
MOMBA targets the free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFA2), also known as GPR43, which is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activated by short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as acetate and propionate. MOMBA is a selective orthosteric agonist that binds to a modified version of the human FFA2 receptor (DREADD) at the orthosteric site. It is engineered to have high specificity for the modified receptor and no activity on wild-type receptors. Activation of FFA2 leads to Galphai/o protein signaling, inhibition of adenylyl cyclase, and modulation of inflammatory and metabolic pathways.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, MOMBA (0.1-100 uM) activates the engineered human FFA2-DREADD receptor in transfected cells with an EC₅0 in the low micromolar range. It inhibits forskolin-stimulated cAMP levels with efficacy comparable to sorbitol. MOMBA has no effect on wild-type hFFA2, hFFA3, or mouse FFA2, demonstrating its selectivity. It is used as a chemogenetic tool to selectively activate FFA2-DREADD receptors in cell-based assays. The compound is not cytotoxic at concentrations up to 100 uM.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, MOMBA has been used in hFFA2-DREADD transgenic mice to selectively activate the FFA2 receptor. Administration of MOMBA (1-10 mg/kg, IP or oral) to these mice modulates metabolic and inflammatory pathways. The compound has potential for research on metabolic diseases (e.g., diabetes, obesity) and inflammatory diseases (e.g., colitis, asthma) by allowing precise control of FFA2 activation. MOMBA is not a drug but a chemogenetic tool.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The activity of MOMBA at the FFA2-DREADD receptor is measured by functional cAMP assays. HEK293 cells stably expressing the engineered human FFA2-DREADD receptor are seeded in 96-well white plates (2×10⁴ cells/well). After 24 h, cells are treated with varying concentrations (0.01-1000 uM) of MOMBA in the presence of 10 uM forskolin for 30 min at 37degC. Intracellular cAMP levels are measured by HTRF or ELISA. The EC₅0 is calculated. For selectivity, wild-type hFFA2, hFFA3, or mouse FFA2-expressing cells are used. Cytotoxicity is assessed by MTT assay.
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| Cell Assay |
For cell-based studies, HEK293-FFA2-DREADD cells are seeded in 96-well plates (2×10⁴ cells/well) and treated with MOMBA (0.1-1000 uM) for 30 min, then stimulated with forskolin (10 uM). After 30 min, cells are lysed, and cAMP is measured by HTRF. For pathway analysis, cells are treated with MOMBA, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation is assessed by Western blotting. For calcium mobilization assays, cells loaded with Fluo-4 AM are treated with MOMBA, and fluorescence is measured. For primary cells, immune cells from hFFA2-DREADD transgenic mice are used.
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| Animal Protocol |
In hFFA2-DREADD transgenic mice, male C57BL/6J mice (8-10 weeks old, n=8-10/group) expressing the engineered FFA2-DREADD receptor are used. MOMBA is formulated in 5% DMSO + 5% Tween 80 + 90% saline (or 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween 80 + 45% saline) and administered intraperitoneally (IP) at doses of 1-20 mg/kg. Control groups receive vehicle or a control DREADD ligand (e.g., CNO). Blood and tissues are collected for analysis of cAMP levels, metabolic parameters (blood glucose, insulin), and inflammatory markers (cytokines). The effect of MOMBA on immune cell function can be assessed.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
No specific PK data for MOMBA is available. As a small, moderately lipophilic molecule (MW 166.18, LogP ~2.0), it would be absorbed orally. Following IP administration, it is expected to have a half-life of 2-4 hours in mice. For research use, it is stored as a powder at -20degC (powder: -20degC for 3 years, 4degC for 2 years; in solvent: -80degC for 6 months, -20degC for 1 month), protected from light and moisture. It is soluble in DMSO (50-100 mM) and ethanol.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
For MOMBA, hazard statements: H315 (Causes skin irritation), H319 (Causes serious eye irritation), H335 (May cause respiratory irritation). Signal word: Warning. Precautionary statements: P261 (Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapors/spray), P280 (Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection), P305+P351+P338 (IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes). Storage: at -20degC, sealed, protect from light.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
MOMBA (4-Methoxy-3-methylbenzoic acid; CAS# 6880-04-2) is a research-grade selective orthosteric agonist for engineered human FFA2 (DREADD) receptors. It is not an FDA-approved drug. It is used as a chemogenetic tool for studying the FFA2 receptor in metabolic and inflammatory diseases. For research use only, not for diagnostic or therapeutic applications.
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| Molecular Formula |
C9H10O3
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
166.18
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| Exact Mass |
166.063
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| CAS # |
6880-04-2
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| PubChem CID |
2759583
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.2±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
285.3±20.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
177-181 °C(lit.)
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| Flash Point |
114.2±15.3 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.6 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.541
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| LogP |
2.42
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
12
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| Complexity |
167
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
O(C([H])([H])[H])C1C([H])=C([H])C(C(=O)O[H])=C([H])C=1C([H])([H])[H]
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| InChi Key |
DNMUMZLKDOZMEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C9H10O3/c1-6-5-7(9(10)11)3-4-8(6)12-2/h3-5H,1-2H3,(H,10,11)
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| Chemical Name |
4-methoxy-3-methylbenzoic acid
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| Synonyms |
3-Methyl-p-methoxybenzoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~200 mg/mL (~1203.51 mM; with ultrasonication)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 5 mg/mL (30.09 mM)(saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one),clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 50.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution and add it to 400 μL PEG300, mix well; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above system, mix well; then continue to add 450 μL of normal saline to make up to 1 mL. Preparation of normal saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in ddH₂O and make up to 100 mL to obtain a clear and transparent normal saline solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 5 mg/mL (30.09 mM)(saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one),clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 50.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution and add it to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD saline solution and mix well. 2 g SBE-β-CD (sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin) powder is diluted to 10 mL of saline and completely dissolved until clear and transparent. Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 5 mg/mL (30.09 mM)(saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one),clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 50.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution and add it to 900 μL corn oil and mix well. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 6.0176 mL | 30.0879 mL | 60.1757 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.2035 mL | 6.0176 mL | 12.0351 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6018 mL | 3.0088 mL | 6.0176 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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