| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 10mg |
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| 25mg |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| Targets |
Prim-O-glucosylcimifugin targets the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. By modulating this pathway, it inhibits the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), two key enzymes involved in the inflammatory response. It also has effects on smooth muscle cell proliferation, inhibiting TNF-α-stimulated proliferation and increasing the proportion of cells in the G0/G1 phase. Its antioxidant activity is evidenced by its ability to scavenge DPPH free radicals.
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| ln Vitro |
Prim-O-glucosylcimifugin (POG) is the most abundant chromone and one of the most active components in Radix Saposhnikoviae (RS). Prim-O-glucosylcimifugin reduces inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages by reducing iNOS and COX-2 production via the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Prim-O-glucosylcimifugin's cytotoxicity is assessed against LPS-activated Raw 264.7 macrophages. Raw 264.7 macrophages were treated with LPS (1 μg/mL) and escalating doses of Prim-O-glucosylcimifugin (15, 50, and 100 μg/mL) for 24 hours. Cell viability was assessed using the CCK-8 test. After 24 hours of exposure to 15-100 μg/mL Prim-O-glucosylcimifugin, cell viability did not significantly differ from that of DMSO-treated cells (control). Prim-O-glucosylcimifugin's anti-inflammatory impact is investigated by examining its ability to alter NO production in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells. Macrophages were treated with LPS (1 μg/mL) with different doses of Prim-O-glucosylcimifugin (15, 50, and 100 μg/mL) during 24 hours. Griess reaction does not assess quantities in culture supernatants. LPS exposure causes a considerable increase in NO concentrations in culture supernatants, while Prim-O-glucosylcimifugin blocks LPS-induced NO generation in a concentration-dependent manner[1].
In vitro, Prim-O-glucosylcimifugin has been shown to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production. It also exhibits DPPH free radical scavenging activity, indicating antioxidant properties. It can inhibit the proliferation of smooth muscle cells stimulated by TNF-α and increase the proportion of G0/G1 phase cells. It inhibits iNOS and COX-2 expression by regulating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. These in vitro studies demonstrate its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-proliferative activities. |
| ln Vivo |
When lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is administered, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) is obtained seven hours later, and the cytokine levels in BALF are assessed using ELISA. TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels in BALF are significantly higher than those in the control group. On the other hand, pretreatment with 2.5, 5 or 10 mg/kg of Prime-O-glucosylcimifugin significantly reduces TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05, P<0.01)[1].
In vivo activity data for Prim-O-glucosylcimifugin is limited in publicly available literature. As a compound with potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects in vitro, it is hypothesized to exhibit similar effects in animal models. However, specific in vivo efficacy studies, including pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters, have not been detailed in the available sources. Further research is needed to fully characterize its in vivo activity and therapeutic potential. |
| Enzyme Assay |
For cell-free enzyme assays, the anti-inflammatory activity of Prim-O-glucosylcimifugin can be studied by measuring its inhibition of iNOS or COX-2 enzyme activity. The compound is incubated with the purified enzyme and its substrate, and the inhibition of enzyme activity is measured. The IC50 for enzyme inhibition can be calculated. Its antioxidant activity can be assessed using the DPPH radical scavenging assay.
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| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cellular assays, the anti-inflammatory activity of Prim-O-glucosylcimifugin is typically assessed in LPS-stimulated macrophage cells. Cells are treated with varying concentrations of the compound and stimulated with LPS. The production of nitric oxide (NO) is measured using the Griess reagent. The expression of iNOS and COX-2 is measured by Western blot or qPCR. Its effect on smooth muscle cell proliferation is assessed in smooth muscle cells stimulated with TNF-α. Cell cycle analysis is performed by flow cytometry.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo studies, Prim-O-glucosylcimifugin could be administered orally or intraperitoneally in rodent models of inflammation. In a model of acute inflammation, such as carrageenan-induced paw edema, its anti-inflammatory effect would be assessed by measuring paw volume. Its effect on smooth muscle cell proliferation could be studied in models of vascular injury or atherosclerosis.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Prim-O-glucosylcimifugin has a molecular formula of C22H28O11 and a molecular weight of 468.45 g/mol. Its CAS number is 80681-45-4. It is a chromone glycoside and is typically supplied as a powder. It is soluble in DMSO and ethanol. For in vitro studies, stock solutions are prepared in DMSO. For in vivo administration, it can be formulated in suitable vehicles. Storage is recommended at -20°C, in a cool, dry place. Its purity is typically >95% for research use.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
No detailed toxicity data is publicly available. As a natural chromone glycoside from a plant with a history of medicinal use, it is generally considered to have low toxicity, but standard toxicological studies would be required for drug development. In vitro cytotoxicity assays in various cell lines are typically performed alongside efficacy studies to confirm that the observed effects are not due to a general reduction in cell viability.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Proto-O-glucopyranosylsimivudine is an organic heterocyclic tricyclic compound and an oxygen heterocyclic compound. It has been reported to exist in Japanese angelica, wintergreen cherry, and other organisms with relevant data.
Prim-O-glucosylcimifugin is a research-grade compound and is not approved for any therapeutic use. It serves primarily as a valuable pharmacological tool and a reference standard for studying inflammation and smooth muscle proliferation. Its mechanism of action involves the regulation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway and the inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 expression. Its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities make it a compound of interest for drug discovery. No clinical trials have been reported. |
| Molecular Formula |
C22H28O11
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
468.45112
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| Exact Mass |
468.163
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| CAS # |
80681-45-4
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| PubChem CID |
14034912
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.5±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
736.9±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
120 °C
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| Flash Point |
255.0±26.4 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±2.5 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.648
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| LogP |
-1.35
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
5
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
11
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
6
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| Heavy Atom Count |
33
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| Complexity |
755
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
6
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| SMILES |
CC(C)([C@@H]1CC2=C(O1)C=C3C(=C2OC)C(=O)C=C(O3)CO[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)CO)O)O)O)O
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| InChi Key |
XIUVHOSBSDYXRG-UVTAEQIVSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C22H28O11/c1-22(2,28)15-5-10-12(32-15)6-13-16(20(10)29-3)11(24)4-9(31-13)8-30-21-19(27)18(26)17(25)14(7-23)33-21/h4,6,14-15,17-19,21,23,25-28H,5,7-8H2,1-3H3/t14-,15+,17-,18+,19-,21-/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S)-2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-4-methoxy-7-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-2,3-dihydrofuro[3,2-g]chromen-5-one
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ≥ 150 mg/mL (~320.20 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (4.44 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: 2.08 mg/mL (4.44 mM) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with ultrasonication. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (4.44 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.1347 mL | 10.6735 mL | 21.3470 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4269 mL | 2.1347 mL | 4.2694 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2135 mL | 1.0673 mL | 2.1347 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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