| Size | Price | |
|---|---|---|
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Povidone iodine does not have a specific biological target. It acts as an iodophore, a carrier of elemental iodine. The active moiety is free iodine, which is released from the complex. Iodine exerts its microbicidal effect by oxidizing cellular components.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
The MIC values of povidone-iodine (PVP-I) are 31.25 mg/L and 7.82 mg/L respectively. Treatment of cells with povidone-iodine (PVP-I) at a 1:32 dilution resulted in a substantial 90-95% drop in cell viability in all cell lines examined [1].
In cell-free systems, the activity of povidone iodine is assessed by its ability to release free iodine. The amount of free iodine is measured to ensure its availability for antimicrobial action. The compound's stability and iodine release kinetics are characterized in various formulations. Povidone iodine exhibits superior antibacterial properties, effectively targeting both MRSA and MSSA strains. It kills or inhibits a wide range of bacteria, viruses, and fungi. It exerts its effect by iodinating lipids and oxidizing cell compounds such as tyrosine side chains. |
| ln Vivo |
The group that received Dp + povidone-iodine (PVP-I) had the second-highest mean score from day 13 until the conclusion of the study period. Additionally, compared to the control group, the Dp+povidone-iodine and Dp+Et-OH groups had significantly higher eosinophil counts (p<0.05 and p<0.001, respectively). The eosinophil counts of the Dp+povidone-iodine (PVP-I), Dp+CHG, and Dp+vehicle groups did not, however, differ significantly [2].
In vivo, povidone iodine is applied topically to wounds to treat and prevent infection. It is effective in reducing microbial load on the skin and in wounds. It is not used systemically; its action is localized at the site of application. |
| Enzyme Assay |
The efficacy of povidone iodine as an antiseptic is tested in vitro using standardized antimicrobial susceptibility tests. Various microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi, are exposed to the compound, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) or zone of inhibition is determined.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays are not typical for povidone iodine due to its cytotoxic nature as an antiseptic. Its activity is primarily tested against microorganisms, not on mammalian cells. However, its cytotoxicity to human cells may be assessed in safety studies.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo efficacy is assessed in animal wound infection models. A wound is created and infected with a pathogen. Povidone iodine is applied topically, and the reduction in microbial load and the rate of wound healing are measured. It is also used in clinical settings.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Povidone iodine is applied topically and is not absorbed systemically in significant amounts. Therefore, standard pharmacokinetic parameters like bioavailability and half-life are not applicable. It acts locally and is not metabolized systemically.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Povidone iodine is generally safe for topical use. Side effects include skin irritation and, rarely, swelling. When used on large wounds, it can cause kidney problems, high blood sodium, and metabolic acidosis. The oral LD50 in mice is 8100 mg/kg.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
An iodinated polyethylene polymer is used as a topical disinfectant in surgical procedures and for treating skin and mucous membrane infections; it is also available as an aerosol. Iodine can be radiolabeled for research purposes. See also: Povidone-iodine (note moved to).
Povidone iodine is a widely used over-the-counter antiseptic. It is available in various formulations, including solutions, ointments, and powders. It is approved for use in many countries for skin disinfection and wound care. |
| Molecular Formula |
C6H9I2NO
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
364.9507
|
| Exact Mass |
364.877
|
| CAS # |
25655-41-8
|
| PubChem CID |
410087
|
| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
|
| Boiling Point |
217.6ºC at 760 mmHg
|
| Melting Point |
300ºC
|
| Flash Point |
93.9ºC
|
| Vapour Pressure |
0.132mmHg at 25°C
|
| LogP |
2.461
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
1
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
10
|
| Complexity |
120
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| SMILES |
II.O=C1C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])N1C([H])=C([H])[H]
|
| InChi Key |
CPKVUHPKYQGHMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C6H9NO.I2/c1-2-7-5-3-4-6(7)8;1-2/h2H,1,3-5H2;
|
| Chemical Name |
1-ethenylpyrrolidin-2-one;molecular iodine
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~15 mg/mL
H2O : ~2.4 mg/mL |
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 1.5 mg/mL (Infinity mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 15.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL of PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL of Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL of normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 1.5 mg/mL (Infinity mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 15.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: 100 mg/mL (Infinity mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.7401 mL | 13.7005 mL | 27.4010 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5480 mL | 2.7401 mL | 5.4802 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2740 mL | 1.3701 mL | 2.7401 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Topical Insulin for Postoperative Wound Healing
CTID: NCT06400082
Phase: N/A Status: Active, not recruiting
Date: 2024-08-21
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
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