| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 25mg |
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| 100mg |
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| 500mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Pongamol targets GLUT4 translocation and glucose uptake pathways in skeletal muscle cells. It stimulates glucose uptake by increasing surface GLUT4 levels. GLUT4 is the primary glucose transporter in muscle and adipose tissue, and its translocation to the cell surface is critical for glucose homeostasis. By enhancing GLUT4 translocation, Pongamol promotes glucose uptake, which may have potential in diabetes research.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Pongamol stimulates glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells by increasing surface GLUT4 levels. It is a naturally occurring compound isolated from the fruits of Pongamia pinnata. The compound's activity on glucose uptake has been characterized in cell-based assays. Detailed in vitro data are available in the primary literature. Pongamol is a valuable tool for studying glucose metabolism and insulin signaling.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo data for Pongamol are limited in publicly available sources. Based on its in vitro activity in stimulating glucose uptake, the compound is expected to be useful for in vivo studies of glucose metabolism and diabetes. Further studies are needed to fully characterize its in vivo efficacy and pharmacokinetic profile. The compound is a natural product with potential research applications.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro glucose uptake assays for Pongamol typically use skeletal muscle cell lines (e.g., L6 or C2C12 myotubes). Cells are cultured in DMEM with 10% FBS and differentiated into myotubes. Cells are serum-starved and treated with Pongamol at various concentrations (0.1-100 μM) for 30-60 minutes. Glucose uptake is measured using [³H]-2-deoxyglucose or fluorescent glucose analogs. GLUT4 translocation is assessed by immunofluorescence or cell surface biotinylation. Insulin is used as a positive control. IC₅₀ and EC₅₀ values are calculated from dose-response curves. All treatments include vehicle controls and are performed in triplicate.
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| Cell Assay |
For cell-based assays, L6 or C2C12 myoblasts are cultured in DMEM with 10% FBS and differentiated into myotubes. Cells are seeded in 96-well plates and serum-starved for 2-4 hours. Cells are treated with Pongamol at various concentrations (0.1-100 μM) for 30-60 minutes. Glucose uptake is measured using fluorescent glucose analogs. GLUT4 translocation is assessed by immunofluorescence staining of GLUT4. Cell viability is assessed by MTT or CellTiter-Glo. All treatments include vehicle controls and are performed in triplicate.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo, Pongamol may be administered to rodents via oral or intraperitoneal routes. The compound is formulated in a suitable vehicle such as DMSO, PEG, or saline-based solutions. For diabetes models, animals are dosed at various regimens. Endpoints include blood glucose measurement, glucose tolerance tests, and insulin sensitivity assessment. Tissue samples are collected for analysis of GLUT4 expression and translocation. All procedures follow institutional animal care guidelines.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pongamol (MW 294.3, C₁₈H₁₄O₄) is a naturally occurring flavonoid. It shows a purity of >98.0% (HPLC). The compound has a melting point of 126.0-130.0°C. Detailed pharmacokinetic parameters are not extensively reported in publicly available sources. The compound is typically stored at room temperature. Further ADME studies are needed to fully characterize its pharmacokinetic profile. The compound is for research purposes.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicology data for Pongamol are limited in publicly available sources. As a natural product, potential effects on glucose metabolism should be considered. The compound is for research use only and not intended for human therapeutic applications. Standard safety pharmacology and toxicology studies would be required for therapeutic development. The compound should be handled with standard laboratory safety precautions.
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| References |
Tamrakar AK, Jaiswal N, Yadav PP, Maurya R, Srivastava AK. Pongamol from Pongamia pinnata stimulates glucose uptake by increasing surface GLUT4 level in skeletal muscle cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2011 Jun 6;339(1-2):98-104. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.03.023. Epub 2011 Apr 8. PubMed PMID: 21497640.
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| Additional Infomation |
1,3-Propanedione, 1-(4-methoxy-5-benzofuranyl)-3-phenyl- has been reported to be found in Milletia rubra, Derris ovata, and other organisms for which data are available.
Pongamol is a research-grade natural flavonoid for studying glucose metabolism and diabetes. Its primary applications include diabetes research, metabolic disorders, and natural products research. The compound is not approved for clinical use and has not entered clinical trials. It is commercially available from various chemical suppliers for research purposes only. Its mechanism involves stimulation of GLUT4 translocation and glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells. |
| Molecular Formula |
C18H14O4
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
294.30136
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| Exact Mass |
294.089
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| CAS # |
484-33-3
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| PubChem CID |
689051
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| Appearance |
Off-white to light yellow solid powder
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| Density |
1.236 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
448.7ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
126-130ºC
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| Flash Point |
218.7ºC
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| Vapour Pressure |
3.02E-10mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.646
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| LogP |
3.897
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
5
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| Heavy Atom Count |
22
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| Complexity |
413
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
XTLSKKJNOIMMBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C18H14O4/c1-21-18-13(7-8-17-14(18)9-10-22-17)16(20)11-15(19)12-5-3-2-4-6-12/h2-10H,11H2,1H3
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| Chemical Name |
1-(4-methoxy-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-3-phenylpropane-1,3-dione
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~50 mg/mL (~169.89 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.49 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.3979 mL | 16.9895 mL | 33.9789 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6796 mL | 3.3979 mL | 6.7958 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3398 mL | 1.6989 mL | 3.3979 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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