| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Pomolic acid targets multiple signaling pathways. It inhibits the activation of NF-κB and STAT3, reducing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. It also activates AMPK and enhances insulin signaling. Additionally, it induces apoptosis in cancer cells by upregulating Bax and downregulating Bcl-2, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and caspase activation.
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| ln Vitro |
DNA fragmentation demonstrated the ability of pomolic acid, or randialic acid A, to cause apoptosis in GBM cells. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation is necessary for pomanoate-induced apoptosis. Moreover, it causes the uncoupling of the mitochondrial membrane potential and the activation of caspase-3 and -9 [2].
In vitro, pomolic acid inhibits the proliferation of human cancer cell lines including HeLa (IC50 ~ 15 µM), MCF-7 (IC50 ~ 20 µM), and A549 (IC50 ~ 18 µM) after 48 h. It suppresses LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophages with an IC50 of 8 µM. It also shows DPPH radical scavenging activity with an IC50 of 25 µM. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, pomolic acid has shown hepatoprotective effects in a mouse model of CCl₄-induced liver injury (20-50 mg/kg, p.o.), reducing serum ALT and AST. It also reduces blood glucose in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (30 mg/kg, p.o.) and improves insulin sensitivity. In a mouse xenograft model of colon cancer, pomolic acid (40 mg/kg, i.p.) reduced tumor growth by 45%.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The in vitro NF-κB inhibition assay uses a luciferase reporter system in HEK293 cells transfected with NF-κB-luc and Renilla plasmids. Cells are treated with pomolic acid (1-50 µM) for 2 h, then stimulated with TNF-α (10 ng/mL) for 6 h. Luciferase activity is measured and normalized. The IC50 is determined from dose-response curves.
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| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cytotoxicity assays, cancer cells are seeded in 96-well plates (5×10³/well) and treated with pomolic acid (0.1-100 µM) for 48 h. Cell viability is assessed by MTT assay. Apoptosis is evaluated by annexin V/PI staining and flow cytometry. For anti-inflammatory assays, RAW 264.7 cells are treated with pomolic acid (1-50 µM) and stimulated with LPS (1 µg/mL) for 24 h; NO and cytokine levels are measured in supernatants.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo hepatoprotection studies are performed in male ICR mice (25-30 g). Pomolic acid is suspended in 0.5% CMC-Na and administered orally at 20, 40, or 80 mg/kg once daily for 7 days. On day 7, acute liver injury is induced by CCl₄ (10 mL/kg, i.p.). After 24 h, blood and liver tissues are collected for ALT/AST measurement and histopathology. For diabetic models, rats are given pomolic acid (30 mg/kg, p.o.) for 14 days, and glucose tolerance is assessed.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic data for pomolic acid are limited. In rats after oral administration (50 mg/kg), the compound shows a Tmax of 2 h, Cmax of 1.2 µg/mL, and oral bioavailability of 12%. The half-life is about 4 h. It is highly lipophilic (Log P ~ 4.5) and extensively metabolized by CYP450. Plasma protein binding is estimated at 90%.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
In acute toxicity studies, the oral LD50 in mice is >1000 mg/kg. No significant toxicity is observed at doses up to 200 mg/kg/day for 14 days. The compound is not mutagenic in the Ames test. At high doses, mild gastrointestinal irritation may occur. No adverse effects on major organs were reported in subchronic studies.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Pomolic acid is a triterpenoid compound that acts as a metabolite. It has been reported to be found in Rosa woodsii, Perilla frutescens, and other organisms with relevant data. See also: Sanguisorba officinalis (whole plant, part).
Pomolic acid is a promising natural lead compound with multiple pharmacological activities. It has been investigated for anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antidiabetic effects. However, its poor oral bioavailability limits clinical development. Structural modifications to improve pharmacokinetics are ongoing. No clinical trials have been reported. |
| Molecular Formula |
C30H48O4
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
472.69972
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| Exact Mass |
472.355
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| CAS # |
13849-91-7
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| PubChem CID |
382831
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.1±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
586.2±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
322.4±26.6 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±3.7 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.568
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| LogP |
7.4
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
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| Heavy Atom Count |
34
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| Complexity |
923
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
10
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| SMILES |
C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)O)C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O
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| InChi Key |
ZZTYPLSBNNGEIS-OPAXANQDSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C30H48O4/c1-18-10-15-30(24(32)33)17-16-27(5)19(23(30)29(18,7)34)8-9-21-26(4)13-12-22(31)25(2,3)20(26)11-14-28(21,27)6/h8,18,20-23,31,34H,9-17H2,1-7H3,(H,32,33)/t18-,20+,21-,22+,23-,26+,27-,28-,29-,30+/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(1R,2R,4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-1,10-dihydroxy-1,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~211.55 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 2.5 mg/mL (5.29 mM) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with sonication.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: 2.5 mg/mL (5.29 mM) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with ultrasonication. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.29 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.1155 mL | 10.5775 mL | 21.1551 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4231 mL | 2.1155 mL | 4.2310 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2116 mL | 1.0578 mL | 2.1155 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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