| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Polygalasaponin F targets multiple pathways. It can induce long-term potentiation in the adult rat hippocampus via NMDA receptor activation. It also reduces neuroinflammatory cytokine secretion through the regulation of the TLR4-PI3K/AKT-NF-κB signaling pathway. It inhibits the release of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and NO induced by LPS.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Polygalasaponin F demonstrates significant biological activity. It inhibits LPS-induced increases in TNF-α and nitric oxide (NO) production, as well as iNOS levels. It has protective effects on PC12 cells injured by serum deprivation, oxidative stress, or oxygen-glucose deprivation. Its neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities are well-documented.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Polygalasaponin F has shown efficacy in preclinical models. It possesses anxiolytic and sedative-hypnotic activities. It has cognition improving and cerebral protective effects. These effects are consistent with its ability to modulate neurotransmitter systems and reduce oxidative stress and inflammation.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The in vitro neuroprotective assay for Polygalasaponin F involves treating PC12 cells with the compound. Cells are then subjected to injury models, such as serum deprivation, oxidative stress (H2O2), or oxygen-glucose deprivation. Cell viability is assessed using MTT assays. The levels of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers are measured by ELISA.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell culture studies for Polygalasaponin F utilize PC12 cells for neuroprotection studies and macrophage cell lines for anti-inflammatory studies. Cells are treated with the compound, and cell viability is assessed. The production of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6) and NO is measured by ELISA or Griess reagent. The expression of signaling pathway proteins (TLR4, PI3K/AKT, NF-κB) is analyzed by Western blotting.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments for Polygalasaponin F include models of anxiety (e.g., elevated plus maze), sedation (e.g., pentobarbital-induced sleep test), and cognition (e.g., Morris water maze). The compound is administered orally or intraperitoneally. Behavioral parameters are assessed. Brain tissues are analyzed for histopathology, inflammatory cytokine levels, and oxidative stress markers.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Polygalasaponin F has a molecular formula of C53H86O23 and a molecular weight of 1091.24 g/mol. It is a solid compound that is soluble in water and organic solvents like DMSO. As a saponin, it is a glycoside. It is typically stored as a powder at -20°C for long-term stability. Its stability is maintained under recommended storage conditions.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for Polygalasaponin F are limited, as it is a research compound. As a natural product, it is generally considered to have low toxicity. However, as a research compound, it is not intended for human therapeutic use, and comprehensive toxicity studies are not available. Standard safety precautions should be followed.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Reports indicate that plants in the genus Polygala japonica contain polygaloside F, and relevant data is available for reference.
Polygalasaponin F is a research compound with no clinical approval. It is a valuable tool for studying the pharmacology of triterpenoid saponins and their potential applications in neurological and inflammatory diseases. Its neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and cognition-enhancing effects make it a compound of interest for research into Alzheimer's disease, anxiety, and other disorders. |
| Molecular Formula |
C53H86O23
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
1091.2362
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| Exact Mass |
1090.556
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| CAS # |
882664-74-6
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| PubChem CID |
11629473
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.5±0.1 g/cm3
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| Index of Refraction |
1.640
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| LogP |
2.32
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
14
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
23
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
12
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| Heavy Atom Count |
76
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| Complexity |
2100
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
29
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| SMILES |
C[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)O[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O[C@H]2OC(=O)[C@@]34CC[C@@]5(C(=CC[C@H]6[C@]5(CC[C@@H]7[C@@]6(C[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@]7(C)CO)O[C@H]8[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O8)CO)O)O)O)O)C)C)[C@@H]3CC(CC4)(C)C)C)CO)O)O)O)O)O[C@H]9[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](CO9)O)O)O
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| InChi Key |
VRDCOPNSCZLBLD-JKVIPCSCSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C53H86O23/c1-22-40(73-43-37(65)31(59)26(58)20-69-43)36(64)39(67)44(70-22)74-41-35(63)33(61)28(19-55)72-46(41)76-47(68)53-14-12-48(2,3)16-24(53)23-8-9-30-49(4)17-25(57)42(75-45-38(66)34(62)32(60)27(18-54)71-45)50(5,21-56)29(49)10-11-52(30,7)51(23,6)13-15-53/h8,22,24-46,54-67H,9-21H2,1-7H3/t22-,24-,25-,26+,27+,28+,29+,30+,31-,32+,33+,34-,35-,36-,37+,38+,39+,40-,41+,42-,43-,44-,45-,46-,49-,50-,51+,52+,53-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6S)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methyl-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] (4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9R,10R,11S,12aR,14bS)-11-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~91.64 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (2.29 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 +5% Tween-80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 + to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 0.9164 mL | 4.5819 mL | 9.1639 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.1833 mL | 0.9164 mL | 1.8328 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.0916 mL | 0.4582 mL | 0.9164 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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