| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 250mg |
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| 500mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Pleuromulin exerts its antibacterial effect by binding to bacterial ribosomes in the peptidyl transferase component of the 50S subunit. This binding inhibits peptide bond formation, thereby blocking protein synthesis and leading to bacterial cell death. Its unique binding site and mode of action contribute to its lack of cross-resistance with other antibiotic classes.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, pleuromulin is a potent and highly selective antibiotic active against a range of Gram-positive bacteria. Its activity is assessed using standard broth microdilution or agar diffusion methods to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against target bacterial strains. The compound's unique mode of action makes it effective against strains resistant to other antibiotics.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, pleuromulin is the precursor for the semi-synthetic pleuromutilin class of antibiotics. These derivatives, such as retapamulin and lefamulin, are used clinically for the treatment of bacterial infections. Pleuromulin's unique mechanism of action and lack of cross-resistance make it a valuable lead compound for antibiotic development.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Non-cellular assays for pleuromulin involve assessing its inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis using cell-free translation systems. These systems use ribosomes, mRNA, aminoacyl-tRNA, and other translation factors. The incorporation of radiolabeled amino acids into nascent polypeptides is measured in the presence of varying concentrations of pleuromulin. The IC₅₀ for inhibition of protein synthesis is determined from the dose-response curves.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for pleuromulin involve treating bacterial cultures with the compound and assessing growth inhibition. Cultures of Gram-positive bacteria are incubated with varying concentrations of pleuromulin, and bacterial growth is measured by optical density. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is determined from dose-response curves. The compound's activity against antibiotic-resistant strains is also assessed.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments with pleuromulin are not typically conducted, as it is a natural product and precursor for semi-synthetic derivatives. Efficacy studies for pleuromutilin derivatives are conducted in animal models of bacterial infection. Mice or rats are infected with pathogenic bacteria and treated with the derivative, and survival rates, bacterial load in tissues, and resolution of clinical signs are assessed.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pleuromulin has a molecular weight of 378.5 and a molecular formula of C₂₂H₃₄O₅. It is a crystalline solid with a melting point of 170-171°C. The compound is soluble in DMSO (>10 mg/mL). For storage, it should be kept at -20°C. Its optical rotation is [α]D²⁴ +20° (c=3 in abs ethanol).
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Pleuromulin is a research compound for laboratory use only and is not intended for human therapeutic or diagnostic use. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed when handling the compound. It may cause skin, eye, and respiratory irritation. Appropriate personal protective equipment should be used.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
A tricyclic diterpenoid natural product isolated from Pleurotus ostreatus (now known as cup-shaped Pleurotus ostreatus). It exhibits certain antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria.
Pleuromulin (Pleuromutilin; CAS 125-65-5) is a potent diterpene antibiotic and the natural precursor for the semi-synthetic pleuromutilin class. It binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit and inhibits peptide bond formation. Pleuromulin is active against Gram-positive bacteria and has no cross-resistance to existing antibiotic classes. It is available from various commercial suppliers for research applications. |
| Molecular Formula |
C22H34O5
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
378.51
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| Exact Mass |
378.24
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| CAS # |
125-65-5
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| PubChem CID |
9886081
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.2±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
482.8±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
170-171ºC
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| Flash Point |
158.7±22.2 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±2.8 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.538
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| LogP |
2.63
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
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| Heavy Atom Count |
27
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| Complexity |
645
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
8
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| SMILES |
C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]23CCC(=O)[C@H]2[C@@]1([C@@H](C[C@@]([C@H]([C@@H]3C)O)(C)C=C)OC(=O)CO)C
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| InChi Key |
ZRZNJUXESFHSIO-BKUNHTPHSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C22H34O5/c1-6-20(4)11-16(27-17(25)12-23)21(5)13(2)7-9-22(14(3)19(20)26)10-8-15(24)18(21)22/h6,13-14,16,18-19,23,26H,1,7-12H2,2-5H3/t13-,14+,16-,18+,19+,20-,21+,22+/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
[(1S,2R,3S,4S,6R,7R,8R,14R)-4-ethenyl-3-hydroxy-2,4,7,14-tetramethyl-9-oxo-6-tricyclo[5.4.3.01,8]tetradecanyl] 2-hydroxyacetate
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| Synonyms |
A-4014C; A 4014C; Pleuromulin
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ≥ 100 mg/mL (~264.20 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 3 mg/mL (7.93 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 30.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 3 mg/mL (7.93 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 30.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 3 mg/mL (7.93 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.6419 mL | 13.2097 mL | 26.4194 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5284 mL | 2.6419 mL | 5.2839 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2642 mL | 1.3210 mL | 2.6419 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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