| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 500mg |
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| 1g |
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| 2g |
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| 5g |
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| Other Sizes |
Purity: ≥98%
| Targets |
Piroctone olamine's primary target is the fungal cell, specifically Malassezia species. It acts by penetrating the cell membrane and binding to iron ions to form a complex, which obstructs mitochondrial energy metabolism. This disruption of the electron transport chain and energy production ultimately leads to the death of the fungal cell. It also interferes with the active transport of essential macromolecules into the microbial cell.
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| ln Vitro |
The ethanolamine salt of the hydroxypyridone antifungal drug Piroctone, which is derived from hydroxamic acid, is called piroctone olamine. Piroctone ethanolamine has the ability to cross cell membranes, bind to iron ions to create a complex, and obstruct the metabolism of mitochondrial energy [1]. The ethanolamine salt of the hydroxamic acid derivative piroctone is called piroctone olamine (PO). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of amphotericin B (AMB) (0.03-1 μg/mL) and piroctone ethanolamine (0.125-0.5 μg/mL) were low in all Candida strains [2].
In vitro, Piroctone olamine demonstrates broad-spectrum fungicidal activity against a variety of dermatophytes and yeasts. It has a specific action against Pityrosporum ovale (now classified as Malassezia), the primary causative agent of dandruff. Its antifungal efficacy has been assessed in various in vitro studies, showing its ability to inhibit the growth of fungi and molds at low concentrations. It also exhibits antibacterial properties against certain bacteria. |
| ln Vivo |
The aim of this study was to assess the antifungal efficacy of piroctone ethanolamine in treating intra-abdominal candidiasis in a Swiss mouse model. 72 hours after infection, intraperitoneal injection of piroctone ethanolamine (0.5 mg/kg) was used as a treatment. Amphotericin B (0.5 mg/kg) was administered to a group of six animals as a comparative study. The kidneys, spleen, and liver were removed in order to make a mycological diagnosis. The significance level was chosen at P<0.05 for the statistical analysis of the fungal growth and mortality data using the Student's t test and analysis of variance. There was a statistically significant (P<0.05) difference in the fungal growth ratings between the amphotericin B and pyroacetic acid treatment group and the control group [2].
In vivo, Piroctone olamine has been evaluated for its antifungal efficacy in treating intra-abdominal candidiasis in a Swiss mouse model. Its primary clinical application is topical, where it is used in shampoos and creams to treat dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis, and other fungal skin conditions. It is effective in destroying the fungus and preventing the formation of new dandruff, leaving the scalp clean and itch-free. |
| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro antifungal activity of Piroctone olamine is typically assessed using the broth microdilution method following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Serial two-fold dilutions of the compound are prepared in a 96-well plate. A standardized fungal inoculum (e.g., Malassezia furfur or Candida albicans) is added to each well, and the plate is incubated at an appropriate temperature (e.g., 30°C for 48-72 hours). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is determined as the lowest concentration of the compound that prevents visible fungal growth. For mechanistic studies, the disruption of cell membrane integrity can be assessed by measuring the release of intracellular components (e.g., potassium ions or nucleic acids) or by using fluorescent dyes such as propidium iodide.
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| Cell Assay |
For cellular assays, fungal cells (e.g., Candida albicans or Malassezia species) are cultured in appropriate liquid media (e.g., Sabouraud dextrose broth) at 30°C with shaking. Cells are treated with various concentrations of Piroctone olamine (typically ranging from 0.1 to 100 µg/mL) for different time periods (e.g., 4-24 hours). Fungal viability is assessed by colony counting on agar plates or by using metabolic assays such as the XTT reduction assay. The effect on mitochondrial function can be evaluated by measuring oxygen consumption rate or ATP levels in treated cells.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo efficacy of Piroctone olamine can be evaluated in animal models of fungal infection. For example, in a mouse model of cutaneous candidiasis, the skin of immunocompromised mice is infected with Candida albicans. Piroctone olamine is then applied topically as a cream or solution at various concentrations (e.g., 0.5-2%) once or twice daily for several days. The efficacy is assessed by measuring the reduction in fungal burden (colony-forming units per gram of skin tissue) and by evaluating the clinical signs of infection (e.g., erythema, scaling). Histopathological examination of skin samples can also be performed to assess the degree of fungal invasion and inflammation.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Specific pharmacokinetic data for Piroctone olamine is not detailed in the provided search results. As a topical agent, its systemic absorption is expected to be minimal. When applied to the skin or scalp, it remains primarily in the stratum corneum and hair follicles, where it exerts its antifungal effects. Its molecular weight of 298.42 g/mol and logP value suggest moderate lipophilicity, which may facilitate its penetration into the skin's outer layers.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Piroctone olamine is generally considered safe for topical use at concentrations typically found in over-the-counter products (0.1-1%). It has a low potential for skin irritation and sensitization. In vitro studies have shown that it has a favorable safety profile, with selective toxicity towards fungal cells compared to mammalian cells. However, as with any chemical, it should be used according to recommended guidelines, and excessive or prolonged use may lead to local skin reactions in sensitive individuals.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
See also: Piroctone (with active moiety).
Piroctone olamine is a well-established antifungal agent with a long history of use in cosmetic and pharmaceutical products. It is marketed under various brand names, including Octopirox. Unlike some other antifungal agents, it does not contain heavy metals (such as zinc in zinc pyrithione) and is considered to have a favorable environmental profile. Its mechanism of action, involving iron chelation and disruption of mitochondrial energy metabolism, is distinct from other antifungals that target ergosterol synthesis or cell wall components. It is not approved as a systemic antifungal drug and is used exclusively for topical applications. |
| Molecular Formula |
C16H30N2O3MOLECULARWEIGHT
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| Molecular Weight |
298.4210
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| Exact Mass |
298.225
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| CAS # |
68890-66-4
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| Related CAS # |
50650-76-5;68890-66-4 (olamine);
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| PubChem CID |
50258
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.1 g/cm3 at 21.5 °C
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| Boiling Point |
344.1ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
130 - 135ºC
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| Flash Point |
161.9ºC
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| LogP |
2.646
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
5
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| Heavy Atom Count |
21
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| Complexity |
371
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
BTSZTGGZJQFALU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C14H23NO2.C2H7NO/c1-10-6-12(15(17)13(16)8-10)7-11(2)9-14(3,4)5;3-1-2-4/h6,8,11,17H,7,9H2,1-5H3;4H,1-3H2
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| Chemical Name |
2-aminoethanol;1-hydroxy-4-methyl-6-(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)pyridin-2-one
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~50 mg/mL (~167.55 mM)
DMSO : ~11.11 mg/mL (~37.23 mM) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 1.11 mg/mL (3.72 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 11.1 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 1.11 mg/mL (3.72 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 11.1 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 1.11 mg/mL (3.72 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.3510 mL | 16.7549 mL | 33.5098 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6702 mL | 3.3510 mL | 6.7020 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3351 mL | 1.6755 mL | 3.3510 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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