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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Piperazine adipate targets parasites, specifically nematodes. It acts as a broad-spectrum anthelmintic agent. Its mechanism involves inhibiting malate oxidation in parasites, disrupting their energy metabolism and leading to paralysis. By paralyzing and immobilizing parasites, it makes them easier to eliminate from the gastrointestinal tract.
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| ln Vitro |
Piperazine adipate (10 mM) causes death of chicken A. galli and H. gallinae after up to 30 minutes of exposure, decreases malate oxidation by 78%, and inhibits aldolase activity of both parasites. Piperazine adipate (10 mM) also suppresses cholinesterase activity in A. galli by 96% and H. gallinae by 93%. Piperazine adipate inhibits the degradation of oxaloacetate in A. galli and H. gallinae by 26% and 55% respectively [1].
Piperazine adipate is not evaluated for pharmacological activity in conventional cell-based assays. Its anthelmintic activity is assessed in whole-organism assays using parasitic nematodes. It inhibits malate oxidation in Ascaridia galli and Heterakis gallinae. Its efficacy against intestinal worms has been extensively characterized in parasitological research. |
| ln Vivo |
Piperazine adipate is used clinically as an anthelmintic for the treatment of intestinal worm infestations, including pinworms, roundworms, and tapeworms. It acts by paralyzing and immobilizing parasites, making them easier to eliminate. It is available in various formulations, including oral suspensions and tablets, for convenient administration. Its in vivo efficacy has been established through clinical use.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Piperazine adipate does not have established receptor binding assay protocols. Its anthelmintic activity is assessed in whole-organism assays. Physical properties: molecular weight 232.28 g/mol; molecular formula C10H20N2O4; melting point: 256-257°C; appearance: prisms; taste: pleasant, slightly acid; solubility: 5.53 g/100 ml water at 20°C; 0.02 g/100 g methanol at 25°C; practically insoluble in absolute ethanol; storage: stable to heat and air.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular studies with Piperazine adipate are not conducted as it is an anthelmintic that acts on parasites in the gastrointestinal tract. Its effects are evaluated in whole-organism assays using parasitic nematodes. Standard parasitological methods are used to assess efficacy against intestinal worms.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo efficacy is evaluated in animal models of helminth infection. Piperazine adipate is administered orally at doses determined by preclinical studies. Parasite burden is quantified by counting worms in the gastrointestinal tract. Clinical symptoms are monitored. Sample sizes typically range from 6-10 animals per group. Clinical studies have been conducted for intestinal worm infestations.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Piperazine adipate has a molecular weight of 232.28 g/mol and a molecular formula of C10H20N2O4. Melting point: 256-257°C. Appearance: prisms. Solubility: 5.53 g/100 ml water at 20°C; 0.02 g/100 g methanol at 25°C; practically insoluble in absolute ethanol. Storage: stable to heat and air. As an anthelmintic, it is orally administered and acts locally in the gastrointestinal tract.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Piperazine adipate is generally well-tolerated at therapeutic doses. Common adverse effects may include mild gastrointestinal disturbances. It is contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to piperazine. Standard toxicology studies have demonstrated an acceptable safety profile. It is approved for clinical use in many countries as an anthelmintic.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Piperazine adipic acid is an odorless white crystalline powder or solid with a slightly acidic taste. It has a melting point of 256-257℃ and dissolves slowly. A 0.2-0.01 mol/L aqueous solution has a pH of 5.45, and a 5% solution has a pH of 5-6. (NTP, 1992) Piperazine adipic acid is a piperazine salt prepared by reacting equimolar amounts of piperazine and adipic acid. It is an anthelmintic and nematode-resistant agent. Its molecular structure contains adipic acid (2-) and piperazine (2+) radicals.
Piperazine adipate is also known as Adipic acid, compound with piperazine (1:1); Hexanedioic acid, compound with piperazine (1:1). It is a broad-spectrum anthelmintic agent. It is used to treat pinworms, roundworms, and tapeworms. It is approved for clinical use in many countries. |
| Molecular Formula |
C10H20N2O4
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
232.2768
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| Exact Mass |
232.142
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| CAS # |
142-88-1
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| Related CAS # |
110-85-0;142-88-1 (adipate);3546-41-6 (pamoate); 548-84-5 (Cl); 35648-29-4 (Iodide);
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| PubChem CID |
8905
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Boiling Point |
338.5ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
250ºC (Decomposes)
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| Flash Point |
172.7ºC
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| Vapour Pressure |
1.81E-05mmHg at 25°C
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| LogP |
0.552
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
4
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
6
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
5
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| Heavy Atom Count |
16
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| Complexity |
140
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
BVEGEKOBSPXUJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C6H10O4.C4H10N2/c7-5(8)3-1-2-4-6(9)10;1-2-6-4-3-5-1/h1-4H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10);5-6H,1-4H2
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| Chemical Name |
hexanedioic acid;piperazine
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~14.29 mg/mL (~61.52 mM)
DMSO :< 1 mg/mL |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 33.33 mg/mL (143.49 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication.
(Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.3051 mL | 21.5257 mL | 43.0515 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.8610 mL | 4.3051 mL | 8.6103 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4305 mL | 2.1526 mL | 4.3051 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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