| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 500mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Pipemidic acid targets bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. As a quinolone antibiotic, it inhibits these essential enzymes, which are involved in bacterial DNA replication and transcription. By inhibiting DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, it prevents bacterial DNA supercoiling and replication, leading to bacterial cell death. It is also an ATP-sensitive K+ channel blocker.
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| ln Vitro |
The helicase enzyme DNA gyrase uses pipecolic acid to catalyze ATP, which is necessary to sustain the negative supercoiling of DNA [2].
Pipemidic acid demonstrates antibacterial activity in vitro against a broad spectrum of bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Its activity is assessed by standard antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods (broth microdilution or agar diffusion). MIC values against various bacterial strains are available in the literature. It is active against gram-negative and some gram-positive bacteria. |
| ln Vivo |
The neck is capable of effectively absorbing 50 mg/kg of pipecolic acid, with a peak concentration range of 4 to 12 μg/mL in the central nervous systems of mice, traction dogs, and monkeys [3]. After being administered to mice's necks once, the average lethal dose of pipecolic acid was more than 16,000 mg/kg [3].
Pipemidic acid is used clinically for the treatment of gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary infections. It has shown promising efficacy in the treatment of various bacterial infections, particularly those caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It is protein bound and concentrated in bile and urine. Its in vivo efficacy has been established through clinical use. |
| Enzyme Assay |
Antibacterial susceptibility testing is performed using broth microdilution or agar dilution methods according to CLSI guidelines. Bacterial strains (e.g., E. coli ATCC 25922, P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853) are cultured in appropriate media. Pipemidic acid is serially diluted in 96-well plates or agar plates. Bacterial inoculum is added and plates are incubated at 35°C for 16-20 hours. MIC values are determined as the lowest concentration causing complete inhibition of visible growth. Quality control strains are included to ensure assay validity.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular antibacterial activity is evaluated in bacterial cell cultures using standard microbiological methods. Broth microdilution assays are performed in 96-well plates with appropriate media. Bacteria are cultured to logarithmic phase and diluted to a standard inoculum. Pipemidic acid is serially diluted and added to wells. Plates are incubated at 35°C for 16-20 hours. MIC values are determined visually or using a microplate reader. Time-kill curve assays are performed to assess bactericidal activity. Each experiment includes quality control strains and antibiotic standards.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo efficacy is evaluated in animal models of bacterial infection. Pipemidic acid is administered orally or intravenously at doses determined by preclinical studies. Bacterial burden is quantified in infected tissues (e.g., kidney, bladder, bile) by CFU plating. Clinical symptoms are monitored. Sample sizes typically range from 6-10 animals per group. Clinical studies have been conducted for gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary infections.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pipemidic acid has a molecular weight of 303.31 g/mol and a molecular formula of C14H17N5O3. Melting point: 251-255°C (with decomposition). Appearance: yellowish-white, odorless, bitter-tasting crystals. It yellows slowly in light. Solubility: soluble in acid and alkaline solutions; very slightly soluble in water and alcohol; slightly soluble in chloroform and methanol. Storage: typically at room temperature, protected from light.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Pipemidic acid is generally well-tolerated at therapeutic doses. Common adverse effects may include gastrointestinal disturbances, allergic reactions, and photosensitivity. As a quinolone antibiotic, it is contraindicated in patients with quinolone hypersensitivity. Standard toxicology studies have demonstrated an acceptable safety profile. It is approved for clinical use in many countries.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Pipemidic is a pyridopyrimidine compound, chemically named 5-oxo-5,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid, with a piperazine-1-yl substitution at position 2 and an ethyl substitution at position 8. It is a synthetic broad-spectrum antibacterial drug used to treat infections of the gastrointestinal tract, biliary tract, and urinary tract. It is both an antibacterial agent and a DNA synthesis inhibitor. Pipemidic is a monocarboxylic acid, amino acid, N-arylpiperazine, pyridopyrimidine, and quinolone antibiotic. Pipemidic is a pyridopyrimidine antibiotic derivative of piromelic acid, exhibiting antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria and some Gram-positive bacteria. Pipemidic has higher activity than piromelic acid or nalidixic acid, and moderate activity against bacteria resistant to piromelic acid and nalidixic acid. Pipemidic has antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria and some Gram-positive bacteria. It binds to proteins and is concentrated in bile and urine, and is used to treat infections of the gastrointestinal tract, biliary tract, and urinary system.
Pipemidic acid is also known as 8-Ethyl-5-oxo-2-(piperazin-1-yl)-5,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid. It is a synthetic quinolone antibiotic with broad-spectrum activity. It is used for gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary infections. It is approved for clinical use in many countries. |
| Molecular Formula |
C14H17N5O3
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
303.32
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| Exact Mass |
303.133
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| CAS # |
51940-44-4
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| Related CAS # |
Pipemidic acid trihydrate;72571-82-5
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| PubChem CID |
4831
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.4±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
534.9±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
251-255℃
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| Flash Point |
277.3±32.9 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.5 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.617
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| LogP |
-0.16
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
8
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
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| Heavy Atom Count |
22
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| Complexity |
489
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
JOHZPMXAZQZXHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C14H17N5O3/c1-2-18-8-10(13(21)22)11(20)9-7-16-14(17-12(9)18)19-5-3-15-4-6-19/h7-8,15H,2-6H2,1H3,(H,21,22)
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| Chemical Name |
8-ethyl-5-oxo-2-piperazin-1-ylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid
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| Synonyms |
Pipram; Deblaston; Pipemidic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
1M NaOH : 100 mg/mL (~329.68 mM)
DMSO : ~5 mg/mL (~16.48 mM) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 0.5 mg/mL (1.65 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 5.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 0.5 mg/mL (1.65 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 5.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 0.5 mg/mL (1.65 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.2968 mL | 16.4842 mL | 32.9685 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6594 mL | 3.2968 mL | 6.5937 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3297 mL | 1.6484 mL | 3.2968 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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