| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 100mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Pinosylvin targets multiple pathways and proteins. It has micromolar Ki values for specific isozymes of stilbene synthase and chalcone synthase. It targets tyrosinase (monophenol monooxygenase) and activates sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). Pinosylvin induces autophagy via AMPK activation. It shows anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting COX-2-mediated PGE2 production in RAW 264.7 cells with an IC50 of 10.6 μM. It also exhibits antibacterial activity and induces apoptosis and autophagy in leukemia cells.
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| ln Vitro |
The cytotoxic effects of pinosylvin (0-100 μM) on THP-1 and U937 cells are observed after 24 hours of incubation at 100 μM. In leukemia cells, pinosylvin exhibits IC50 values of 20-30 μM. At 50 μM and 100 μM, respectively, pinosylvin (0-100 μM; 24 hours) increases the number of Annexin V+ and PI+ cells in the U937 population and the THP-1 population [3]. By increasing the levels of LC3-II and p62/SQSTM1 degradation in leukemia cells, pinosylvin (0-100 μM; 24 hours) stimulates autophagy in leukemia cells [3].
In vitro, pinosylvin shows anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting COX-2-mediated PGE2 production in RAW 264.7 cells treated with LPS, with an IC50 of 10.6 μM. It induces autophagy via AMPK activation. Pinosylvin (0-100 μM; 24 hours) promotes autophagy in leukemia cells by enhancing the level of LC3-II and p62/SQSTM1 degradation. It activates SIRT1 and induces glucose uptake in isolated rat L6 skeletal muscle myotubes. It also exhibits antibacterial activity and induces apoptosis in leukemia cells. |
| ln Vivo |
Sonacillin (iv; 10 mg/kg) produced plasma AUC, urine t, CL, and Vd values of 5.23 ± 1.20 mgh mL-1, 13.13 ± 2.05 h, 1.84 ± 0.44 Lh-1kg-1, and 2.29 Lkg-1 , PK experiments were conducted in male Sprague-Dawley rats [1].
In vivo, pinosylvin has been studied for its anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. It decreases hind paw volume and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in a rat model of adjuvant-induced arthritis. It decreases the number of neutrophils and significantly reduces the amount of reactive oxygen species in blood, acting as an effective inhibitor of neutrophil activity. It decreases lung tumor weight in a CT26 mouse xenograft model of metastatic colon cancer. Pinosylvin also exhibits plant antifeedant activity. |
| Enzyme Assay |
Cell-free assays for pinosylvin involve evaluating its enzyme inhibitory activity. COX-2 inhibition is assessed using standard COX activity assays measuring PGE2 production. SIRT1 activation is measured using fluorogenic substrates. AMPK activation can be assessed using kinase activity assays. Antibacterial activity is evaluated using broth microdilution methods to determine MIC values. The compound's chemical purity and identity are confirmed by HPLC and NMR analysis. It is typically dissolved in DMSO or ethanol for assay preparation.
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| Cell Assay |
Cell viability assay [3]
Cell Types: Leukemia cells Tested Concentrations: 0 μM; 0.1 μM; 1 μM; 10 μM; 50 μM; 100 μM Incubation Duration: 24 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Cytotoxic to leukemia cells at high concentrations. Apoptosis analysis [3] Cell Types: U937 and THP-1 Cell Tested Concentrations: 0 μM; 0.1 μM; 1 μM; 10 μM; 50 μM; 100 μM Incubation Duration: 24 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Apoptosis induced in U937 and THP-1 cells Number of cells. Western Blot Analysis [3] Cell Types: U937 and THP-1 Cell Tested Concentrations: 0 μM; 0.1 μM; 1 μM; 10 μM; 50 μM; 100 μM Incubation Duration: 24 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Induction of autophagy in leukemia cells. In vitro cellular assays for pinosylvin typically involve treating RAW 264.7 macrophages with various concentrations of the compound and LPS stimulation. PGE2 production is measured by ELISA. Leukemia cells are treated with pinosylvin (0-100 μM; 24 hours). Autophagy is assessed by measuring LC3-II levels and p62/SQSTM1 degradation by western blotting. Apoptosis is evaluated using Annexin V/PI staining and caspase activity assays. Glucose uptake is measured in rat L6 myotubes. |
| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for pinosylvin are conducted in rat models of adjuvant-induced arthritis and mouse xenograft models of cancer. The compound is administered via various routes including oral gavage or intraperitoneal injection. Hind paw volume and MPO activity are measured in arthritis models. Tumor weight is measured in xenograft models. Neutrophil count and ROS levels are assessed in blood. Efficacy is evaluated by comparing outcomes between treatment and control groups.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of pinosylvin include a molecular weight of 212.24 g/mol and molecular formula C14H12O2. As a natural product and resveratrol analog, it is expected to have moderate oral bioavailability and tissue penetration. The compound is typically stored at appropriate conditions as a research reagent. Detailed ADME parameters such as half-life, Cmax, and AUC are not extensively reported in the available literature.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicity profile of pinosylvin has been characterized in preclinical studies. As a natural product, it is generally considered to have a favorable safety profile at research doses. The compound has shown anti-inflammatory effects in animal models. Standard toxicology studies would include acute and sub-chronic toxicity assessments. The compound is intended for research use only and not for therapeutic applications in humans. Standard safety precautions should be followed when handling this compound.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Pinosylvin is a stilbene compound. It has been reported to exist in pine trees, Scots pine, and other organisms with relevant data.
Pinosylvin is a stilbene from pine heartwood with diverse biological activities. It inhibits COX-2-mediated PGE2 production (IC50 = 10.6 μM), induces autophagy via AMPK activation, activates SIRT1, and induces apoptosis and autophagy in leukemia cells. In vivo, it decreases hind paw volume in arthritis models and lung tumor weight in xenograft models. Pinosylvin is a research tool for studying inflammation, cancer, and metabolism. |
| Molecular Formula |
C14H12O2
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| Molecular Weight |
212.2439
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| Exact Mass |
212.083
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| CAS # |
22139-77-1
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| PubChem CID |
5280457
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.3±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
397.6±17.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
155.5-156°
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| Flash Point |
194.9±15.5 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.0 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.727
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| LogP |
3.68
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
16
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| Complexity |
221
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
C1=CC=C(C=C1)/C=C/C2=CC(=CC(=C2)O)O
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| InChi Key |
YCVPRTHEGLPYPB-VOTSOKGWSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C14H12O2/c15-13-8-12(9-14(16)10-13)7-6-11-4-2-1-3-5-11/h1-10,15-16H/b7-6+
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| Chemical Name |
5-[(E)-2-phenylethenyl]benzene-1,3-diol
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~471.16 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (11.78 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (11.78 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (11.78 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.7116 mL | 23.5582 mL | 47.1165 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.9423 mL | 4.7116 mL | 9.4233 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4712 mL | 2.3558 mL | 4.7116 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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