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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Phenylethyl isothiocyanate does not have a single defined biological target. It exerts its biological effects through multiple mechanisms, including the modulation of phase I and phase II detoxification enzymes, induction of apoptosis, and inhibition of cell proliferation. It is known to activate the Nrf2/ARE pathway, leading to the upregulation of antioxidant and detoxification enzymes. It also inhibits various kinases and transcription factors involved in cancer development.
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| ln Vitro |
Phenylethyl isothiocyanate demonstrates anticancer activity in vitro. It induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in various cancer cell lines. It inhibits the growth of cancer cells by modulating signaling pathways such as NF-κB, MAPK, and PI3K/AKT. It also inhibits angiogenesis and metastasis in vitro. Its IC50 values against various cancer cell lines are in the micromolar range.
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| ln Vivo |
Phenylethyl isothiocyanate has been studied in vivo for its chemopreventive and anticancer properties. In animal models, it inhibits tumor growth and reduces the incidence of chemically induced cancers. It has been shown to be effective in models of lung, colon, breast, and prostate cancer. Its chemopreventive effects are attributed to its ability to induce detoxification enzymes and inhibit carcinogen activation.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Phenylethyl isothiocyanate does not have established receptor binding assay protocols. Its biological activity is assessed by measuring its effects on enzyme activities (e.g., GST, NQO1), apoptosis (caspase activation, PARP cleavage), and cell proliferation (MTT, colony formation). Physical properties: molecular weight 163.24 g/mol; molecular formula C9H9NS; boiling point 258-260°C; density 1.096 g/cm3; appearance: colorless to pale yellow liquid; solubility: slightly soluble in water, soluble in organic solvents.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular activity of Phenylethyl isothiocyanate is evaluated in various cancer cell lines. Cells are cultured in appropriate media at 37°C with 5% CO2 and treated with the compound at various concentrations (1-100 µM) for 24-72 hours. Cell viability is assessed using MTT or CellTiter-Glo assays. Apoptosis is evaluated by Annexin V/PI staining, caspase-3/7 activity, and PARP cleavage. Cell cycle analysis is performed by flow cytometry. Nrf2 activation is assessed by measuring downstream gene expression (e.g., NQO1, HO-1) by qRT-PCR or Western blotting.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo efficacy is evaluated in mouse xenograft models using human cancer cell lines or in chemically induced cancer models. Phenylethyl isothiocyanate is administered orally or intraperitoneally at doses determined by preclinical studies. Tumor growth is monitored by caliper measurements. At study endpoint, tumors are harvested for histopathological analysis and biochemical assays (apoptosis markers, Nrf2 target genes). Body weight and clinical signs are monitored throughout the study. Sample sizes typically range from 6-10 animals per group.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Metabolism / Metabolites
Phenethyl isothiocyanate's known human metabolites include (2S)-2-amino-5-[[(2R)-1-(carboxymethylamino)-1-oxo-3-(2-Phenethylaminothiothio)propyl-2-yl]amino]-5-oxovalerate. Phenylethyl isothiocyanate has a molecular weight of 163.24 g/mol and a molecular formula of C9H9NS. Boiling point: 258-260°C. Density: 1.096 g/cm3. Appearance: colorless to pale yellow liquid. Solubility: slightly soluble in water, soluble in organic solvents. Storage: typically at 2-8°C, protected from light. As a naturally occurring compound, its pharmacokinetics have been studied. It is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, metabolized via the mercapturic acid pathway, and excreted renally. |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Phenylethyl isothiocyanate is generally recognized as safe at dietary levels. At higher doses, it may cause gastrointestinal irritation and other adverse effects. It is a naturally occurring compound found in cruciferous vegetables. Standard toxicity studies would include acute and subchronic toxicity in rodents, genotoxicity screening, and evaluation of effects on the gastrointestinal tract. No clinical trials as a therapeutic agent have been reported.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) is an isothiocyanate with a Phenethyl atom attached to its nitrogen atom. It is a natural compound found in certain cruciferous vegetables (such as watercress) and is known to possess anticancer properties. It can be used as an antitumor agent, a metabolite, and an EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor. Phenethyl isothiocyanate has been used in clinical trials investigating its use in the prevention and treatment of leukemia, lung cancer, tobacco use disorder, and lymphoproliferative disorders. Phenethyl isothiocyanate has been reported to be present in mustard greens, kale, and other organisms with relevant data. Phenethyl isothiocyanate is an isothiocyanate found in cruciferous vegetables with chemopreventive and potential antitumor activities. Although its mechanism of action is not fully understood, Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) has been shown to induce tumor cell apoptosis, possibly mediated by its metabolic intermediate, reactive oxygen species (ROS). PEITC can also activate the ERK and JNK signaling pathways, thereby inducing the expression of stress-response genes. Specifically, the drug has been shown to reactivate the gene expression of glutathione S-transferase, a detoxification enzyme that is silenced in prostate cancer.
Phenylethyl isothiocyanate is also known as 2-Phenylethyl isothiocyanate, PEITC, and Phenethyl isothiocyanate. It is a naturally occurring isothiocyanate found in cruciferous vegetables. It has been studied for its chemopreventive and anticancer properties. No clinical trials or regulatory approvals as a drug have been reported. It is available as a research compound and dietary supplement. |
| Molecular Formula |
C9H9NS
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
163.23
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| Exact Mass |
163.046
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| CAS # |
2257-09-2
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| Related CAS # |
2-Phenylethyl isothiocyanate-d5;912627-98-6
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| PubChem CID |
16741
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| Appearance |
Colorless to light yellow liquid
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| Density |
1.094 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
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| Boiling Point |
75 °C0.25 mm Hg
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| Flash Point |
>230 °F
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0427mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
n20/D 1.5888(lit.)
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| LogP |
2.331
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
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| Heavy Atom Count |
11
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| Complexity |
144
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
C1=CC=C(C=C1)CCN=C=S
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| InChi Key |
IZJDOKYDEWTZSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C9H9NS/c11-8-10-7-6-9-4-2-1-3-5-9/h1-5H,6-7H2
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| Chemical Name |
2-isothiocyanatoethylbenzene
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| Synonyms |
JC 5411; JC5411; JC-5411
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~612.59 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (15.31 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (15.31 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 6.1263 mL | 30.6316 mL | 61.2632 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.2253 mL | 6.1263 mL | 12.2526 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6126 mL | 3.0632 mL | 6.1263 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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