| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5mg |
|
||
| 10mg |
|
||
| 100mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
FMRFamide-gated ion channels and related G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Phe-Met-Arg-Phe amide trifluoroacetate is a classic tetrapeptide neuropeptide originally identified in invertebrates and is widely used as a reference ligand for FMRFamide-gated ion channels and related GPCRs. The compound is an activator of K+ current with an ED50 of 23 nM in peptidergic caudodorsal neurons. It modulates neuronal excitability and neurotransmitter release.
|
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In the mollusk central nervous system, Phe-Met-Arg-Phe amide (FMRFa) works on K+ channels in sensory neurons, motor neurons, and neuroendocrine neurons. Phe-Met-Arg-Phe amide triggers a unique K+ current characterized by a mix of voltage and receptor-dependent gating mechanisms, both of which are required to open the channel [1]. Phe-Met-Arg-Phe amide (1 μM) significantly reduced glucose-stimulated (300 mg/dL) insulin release (p<0.005) and somatostatin release from isolated perfused pancreas (p<0.01). Phe-Met-Arg-Phe amide (FMRF-NH2) (1 and 10 μM) has no influence on glucagon secretion during hypoglycemia (50 mg/dL), hyperglycemia (300 mg/dL), or arginine stimulation influence (5 mM)[2].
In vitro, Phe-Met-Arg-Phe amide trifluoroacetate functions as an activator of K+ current with an ED50 of 23 nM in peptidergic caudodorsal neurons. The peptide is used as a reference ligand for FMRFamide-gated ion channels and related GPCRs in receptor binding and functional assays. It is commonly utilized in studies involving protein interactions and signal transduction pathways due to its structural properties. Its application in laboratories enables researchers to explore complex biochemical mechanisms and molecular dynamics. |
| ln Vivo |
Phe-Met-Arg-Phe amide (FMRFamide) enhances growth hormone production in conscious OVX rats. The presence of Phe-Met-Arg-Phe amide-like immunoreactivity in hypothalamic neurons suggests a role in hypothalamic control of anterior pituitary function. 15 minutes after injection, a 200 ng (313.8 pmol) FMRFamide (2 uL) infusion dramatically raised plasma GH. After 5 minutes and continuing for up to 30 minutes, 400–800 ng (627–1255) of FMRFamide are shown to increase growth hormone [3].
In vivo studies of Phe-Met-Arg-Phe amide trifluoroacetate are limited as the compound is primarily used as a research tool for in vitro applications. The compound is not intended for therapeutic use in animals or humans. Its in vivo effects would be expected to be related to modulation of FMRFamide-gated ion channels and GPCRs. Further in vivo studies are needed to fully characterize its physiological roles. |
| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro receptor binding assays for Phe-Met-Arg-Phe amide trifluoroacetate measure its affinity for FMRFamide-gated ion channels and related GPCRs. The assay uses membrane preparations from cells expressing the receptor and a radiolabeled ligand. Varying concentrations of the peptide are incubated with membranes and radioligand. Non-specific binding is determined in the presence of excess unlabeled ligand. After incubation, bound and free radioligands are separated by filtration, and radioactivity is counted. IC50 and Ki values are calculated from competition curves using nonlinear regression analysis.
|
| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for Phe-Met-Arg-Phe amide trifluoroacetate use neuronal cell lines or primary neurons expressing FMRFamide-gated ion channels. Cells are loaded with voltage-sensitive fluorescent dyes or patch-clamp electrophysiology is used to measure K+ currents. Cells are treated with varying concentrations of the peptide, and K+ channel activation is measured as a change in current amplitude or membrane potential. ED50 values are calculated from dose-response curves.
|
| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for Phe-Met-Arg-Phe amide trifluoroacetate are not typically performed as the compound is used as a research probe rather than a therapeutic agent. If performed, typical protocols would involve administration of the peptide via intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection. Behavioral and physiological parameters would be monitored to assess the compound's effects on neuronal excitability and neurotransmitter release. However, such studies are not extensively reported in the literature.
|
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of Phe-Met-Arg-Phe amide trifluoroacetate are characteristic of peptide neuropeptides. With a molecular weight of 826.81 and a molecular formula of C33H44F6N8O8S, the peptide is soluble in water (≥50 mg/mL). It is typically stored as a lyophilized powder at -20degC. As a research peptide, pharmacokinetic studies are not typically performed as it is used as a reference ligand rather than a therapeutic agent.
|
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Phe-Met-Arg-Phe amide trifluoroacetate is intended for research use only and is not for human therapeutic use. As a short peptide neuropeptide, it is generally well-tolerated at the concentrations used in research studies. Standard safety precautions for handling peptides apply. The compound is not approved for clinical use.
|
| References |
|
| Additional Infomation |
Phe-Met-Arg-Phe amide trifluoroacetate is a research-grade synthetic tetrapeptide neuropeptide with the sequence Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2. It is a classic FMRFamide-related peptide widely used as a reference ligand for FMRFamide-gated ion channels and related GPCRs. The compound has a molecular formula of C33H44F6N8O8S and a molecular weight of 826.81. It is an activator of K+ current with an ED50 of 23 nM in peptidergic caudodorsal neurons. Not approved for clinical use.
|
| Molecular Formula |
C33H44F6N8O8S
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
826.806687355042
|
| Exact Mass |
826.29
|
| CAS # |
159237-99-7
|
| Related CAS # |
Phe-Met-Arg-Phe, amide;64190-70-1;Phe-Met-Arg-Phe, amide acetate;152165-14-5
|
| PubChem CID |
131704523
|
| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
9
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
17
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
18
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
56
|
| Complexity |
972
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
4
|
| SMILES |
S(C)CC[C@@H](C(N[C@H](C(N[C@H](C(N)=O)CC1C=CC=CC=1)=O)CCC/N=C(\N)/N)=O)NC([C@H](CC1C=CC=CC=1)N)=O.FC(C(=O)O)(F)F.FC(C(=O)O)(F)F
|
| InChi Key |
XVODPBULIXCTET-PAHQJZCISA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C29H42N8O4S.2C2HF3O2/c1-42-16-14-23(35-26(39)21(30)17-19-9-4-2-5-10-19)28(41)36-22(13-8-15-34-29(32)33)27(40)37-24(25(31)38)18-20-11-6-3-7-12-20;2*3-2(4,5)1(6)7/h2-7,9-12,21-24H,8,13-18,30H2,1H3,(H2,31,38)(H,35,39)(H,36,41)(H,37,40)(H4,32,33,34);2*(H,6,7)/t21-,22-,23-,24-;;/m0../s1
|
| Chemical Name |
(2S)-N-[(2S)-1-amino-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanamide;2,2,2-trifluoroacetic acid
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~120.95 mM)
H2O : ~20 mg/mL (~24.19 mM) |
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (3.02 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (3.02 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (3.02 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.2095 mL | 6.0473 mL | 12.0947 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.2419 mL | 1.2095 mL | 2.4189 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1209 mL | 0.6047 mL | 1.2095 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
Copyright 2020 InvivoChem LLC | All Rights Reserved
