Metal Chelator

Pentetic acid is a pentacarboxylic acid. It has a role as a copper chelator. It is a conjugate acid of a pentetate(1-).
Pentetic acid, also known as diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), is a synthetic polyamino carboxylic acid with eight coordinate bond forming sites that can sequester metal ions and form highly stable DTPA-metal ion complexes. DTPA, along with its calcium and zinc trisodium salts, are the only FDA approved agents for the treatment of internal contamination by transuranics. It is currently considered, in all the dosage forms, as a member of the list of approved inactive ingredients for drug products by the FDA. DPTA was developed by the pharmaceutical company CIS US and FDA approved on April 14, 2004.
Pentetic acid is a Lead Chelator. The mechanism of action of pentetic acid is as a Lead Chelating Activity.

DTPA is widely used in industry and medicine. As a medical agent, it is approved for its use in medical imaging and for the decorporation of internally deposited radionuclides. It is FDA approved for the treatment of individuals with known or suspected internal contamination with plutonium, americium or curium to increase the rates of elimination. Due to the pharmacokinetic elimination by the kidneys, pentetic acid conjugated with technetium Tc-99m is being used clinically to estimate physiological parameters such as glomerular filtration rat and effective renal plasma flow.

Pentetic Acid is an edetate and a chelating agent used in preparing radiopharmaceuticals. Pentetic acid (DTPA) has strong affinity for iron but also shows affinities for other heavy metals, thereby is used in the treatment of iron-storage disease and poisoning from heavy and radioactive metals. DTPA may chelate metallic moieties of unbound, extracellular radioimmunotherapeutics, thereby aggregating radioimmunotherapeutics locally to higher concentrations, and improving tumor cell radiocytotoxicity, while sparing normal tissues from the radiocytotoxic effects. In addition, DTPA is used in radioimaing procedures when complexes with radioisotopes, ex., Tc 99m or In 111.
An iron chelating agent with properties like EDETIC ACID. DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium.

---

Preparation of adsorbents [1]
The magnetic nanoparticles Fe3O4@SiO2 (FFO@Sil) and Fe3O4@SiO2@CS (FFO@Sil@Chi) were prepared respectively by Stöber method and water/oil emulsion crosslinking reaction, as detailedly stated can be found in Text S1. The Fe3O4@SiO2@CS-DTPA (FFO@Sil@Chi-DTPA) was fabricated via an amidation reaction. Firstly, 2 ml of Na5DTPA was dispersed in 60 ml of deionized water and adjust the mixture pH to about 5.5. After continuing the magnetic stirring of the liquid mixture for 1 h, add 60 ml of amidation reagent (ice water reagent with 5.32 g of EDC and 0.79 g of NHS), which was prepared in advance, continue stirring until a homogeneous solution was formed, and then added 1.1 g the prepared FFO@Sil@Chi into the above solution. After continuously stirring for another 8 h on a magnetic stirrer, the solid black product was obtained by magnetically separated. Then washed, dried, and recorded as adsorbent FFO@Sil@Chi-DTPA for experimental use. The other amidated adsorbent Fe3O4@CS-DTPA (FFO@Chi-DTPA) was also synthesized under the same experimental conditions as above. Scheme 1 shows the synthetic route of the adsorbents. Furthermore, the details of the characterization of the adsorbents can be seen in Text S2.

---

Performance of adsorbents [1]
In this study, the adsorption experiment is divided into three parts. The first one is the adsorption of Pb(II) ions and MB in a single solution using the as-prepared adsorbents. The batch experiments were conducted to evaluate the adsorption kinetics, thermodynamics, isotherms, and effects of solution pH and ionic strength on uptake of each pollutant by as-prepared adsorbents. Secondly, the adsorption isotherms of the FFO@Sil@Chi-DTPA toward Pb (II) and MB in binary systems were also carried out. The last part is the competitive adsorption in the multi-ion coexisting solution or MB-multi-ion solution (coexistence of different concentrations of MB). All experiments were performed in triplicate, and the average value was used as the final result. All detailed instructions for the experiment are provided in the Supplementary Material (Text S4).

Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
DTPA and its trisodium salts present a very poor bioavailability after oral administration. Therefore, the normal administration of DTPA is done by slow intravenous infusion or inhalation with a nebulizer. When inhaled, the absorption is of about 20% of the administered dose.
DTPA metal complexes are quickly excreted in the urine.It is predominantly excreted by the kidney and it is not excreted by non-renal routes to any significant extent.
The volume of distribution of DPTA is 17 L.
Pentetic acid presents a very rapid blood clearance which explains for the short half-life. The reported clearance rate in patients with normal renal function is 80-120ml/min.

---

Metabolism / Metabolites
Pentetic acid and its derivatives present a very minimal metabolism in the body.

---

Biological Half-Life
In preclinical studies, DTPA has been shown to present a very short half-life of 18.5-31.8 min after intravenous administration.

Protein Binding
The fast clearance and very short half-life of pentetic acid suggest that this compound is very unlikely to become bound to serum proteins to any significant extent. It is reported that DPTA is negligibly bound to alpha1-antitrypsin.

---

Adverse Effects
Reproductive Toxin - A chemical that is toxic to the reproductive system, including defects in the progeny and injury to male or female reproductive function. Reproductive toxicity includes developmental effects. See Guidelines for Reproductive Toxicity Risk Assessment.

---

3053 rat LD50 intraperitoneal 587 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD; BEHAVIORAL: AGGRESSION; LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: CHRONIC PULMONARY EDEMA Toxicology Letters., 32(37), 1986 [PMID:3090738]
3053 mouse LD50 intraperitoneal 543 mg/kg Archives of Toxicology., 57(212), 1985 [PMID:3933457]

[1]. Enhanced selective adsorption of lead(II) from complex wastewater by DTPA functionalized chitosan-coated magnetic silica nanoparticles based on anion-synergism. J Hazard Mater. 2022;422:126856.

Pentetic acid is a pentacarboxylic acid. It has a role as a copper chelator. It is a conjugate acid of a pentetate(1-).
Pentetic acid, also known as diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), is a synthetic polyamino carboxylic acid with eight coordinate bond forming sites that can sequester metal ions and form highly stable DTPA-metal ion complexes. DTPA, along with its calcium and zinc trisodium salts, are the only FDA approved agents for the treatment of internal contamination by transuranics. It is currently considered, in all the dosage forms, as a member of the list of approved inactive ingredients for drug products by the FDA. DPTA was developed by the pharmaceutical company CIS US and FDA approved on April 14, 2004.
Pentetic acid is a Lead Chelator. The mechanism of action of pentetic acid is as a Lead Chelating Activity.
Pentetic Acid is an edetate and a chelating agent used in preparing radiopharmaceuticals. Pentetic acid (DTPA) has strong affinity for iron but also shows affinities for other heavy metals, thereby is used in the treatment of iron-storage disease and poisoning from heavy and radioactive metals. DTPA may chelate metallic moieties of unbound, extracellular radioimmunotherapeutics, thereby aggregating radioimmunotherapeutics locally to higher concentrations, and improving tumor cell radiocytotoxicity, while sparing normal tissues from the radiocytotoxic effects. In addition, DTPA is used in radioimaing procedures when complexes with radioisotopes, ex., Tc 99m or In 111.
An iron chelating agent with properties like EDETIC ACID. DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium.
See also: Pentetate Calcium Trisodium (active moiety of); Pentetate Zinc Trisodium (active moiety of); Indium In-111 Pentetate Disodium (active moiety of).

---

Drug Indication
DTPA is widely used in industry and medicine. As a medical agent, it is approved for its use in medical imaging and for the decorporation of internally deposited radionuclides. It is FDA approved for the treatment of individuals with known or suspected internal contamination with plutonium, americium or curium to increase the rates of elimination. Due to the pharmacokinetic elimination by the kidneys, pentetic acid conjugated with technetium Tc-99m is being used clinically to estimate physiological parameters such as glomerular filtration rat and effective renal plasma flow.
FDA Label

---

Mechanism of Action
The calcium and zinc trisodium salts of DTPA achieve the therapeutical potential by exchanging calcium and zinc cations with transuranic radionuclides to form higher affinity complexes and then promote their elimination by glomerular filtration into the urine. DTPA as an acid acts in a very similar way by sequestering ions with its eight coordinate bond forming sites.

---

Pharmacodynamics
There are reports in vivo of low stability of complexes of DPTA with uranium and neptunium which is being reported to cause deposition of the radionuclides into the tissues. In the case of plutonium, some preclinical studies have shown a very high urine elimination efficacy 1 hour after initial contamination. This efficacy is conserved for approximately 24 hours while the radiocontaminant is circulating. When the radionuclide is inhaled, it has been reported a DPTA-induced reduction of even 98% of the lung deposits. It is important to consider that pentetic acid can bind directly to other trace metals in the body which can cause deficiencies.

---

Simultaneously removing heavy metal and dye from complex wastewater is of great significance to industrial wastewater treatment. Herein, a novel magnetic adsorbent, DTPA-modified chitosan-coated magnetic silica nanoparticle (FFO@Sil@Chi-DTPA), was successfully prepared and used to enhance the Pb(II) selective adsorption from multi-metal wastewater based on anion-synergism. In the competitive experiment conducted in a multi-ion solution, the type of selective adsorption of metals was changed by the adsorbents before and after amidation, in which FFO@Sil@Chi-DTPA exhibited an excellent selectively for capturing Pb(II), while FFO@Sil@Chi demonstrated highly selective adsorption of silver. More importantly, the selective adsorption of Pb(II)S by FFO@Sil@Chi-DTPA was enhanced from 111.71 to 268.01 mg g-1 when the coexisting MB concentrations ranged from 0 to 100 mg L-1 at pH 6.0. In the Pb(II)-MB binary system, Pb(II) and MB exhibited a synergistic effect, in which the presence of MB strengthened the adsorption effect of Pb(II) due to the sulfonic acid groups in MB molecules that create new specific sites for Pb(II) adsorption, while MB adsorption was also enhanced by the presence of Pb(II). This work provides a new strategy for exploring novel adsorbents that can enhance the selective removal of heavy metal in complex wastewater based on anion-synergism. [1]

C14H23N3O10

393.35

393.138

C, 42.75; H, 5.89; N, 10.68; O, 40.67

67-43-6

3053

White to off-white solid powder

1.5±0.1 g/cm3

721.1±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg

219-220 °C(lit.)

389.9±32.9 °C

0.0±5.0 mmHg at 25°C

1.590

0.05

5

13

16

27

481

0

C(CN(CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O)N(CCN(CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O)CC(=O)O

QPCDCPDFJACHGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C14H23N3O10/c18-10(19)5-15(1-3-16(6-11(20)21)7-12(22)23)2-4-17(8-13(24)25)9-14(26)27/h1-9H2,(H,18,19)(H,20,21)(H,22,23)(H,24,25)(H,26,27)

2-[bis[2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl]amino]acetic acid

Penthamil (VAN); Acidum penteticum; diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid; 67-43-6; DTPA; Detapac; Detarex; Titriplex V; Perma kleer; Pentetic acid

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

DMSO : ~5 mg/mL (~12.71 mM)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 0.5 mg/mL (1.27 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 5.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution.

---

Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 0.5 mg/mL (1.27 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 5.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.

---

View More

Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 0.5 mg/mL (1.27 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 5.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly.

---

 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)