| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 100mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
- Pennogenin 3-O-beta-chacotrioside regulates autophagy-related targets, including Beclin-1 and LC3 (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3) [1]
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
- Pennogenin 3-O-beta-chacotrioside inhibited the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells, and cell viability decreased in a concentration-dependent manner [1]
- Pennogenin 3-O-beta-chacotrioside induced autophagy in colorectal cancer cells, as shown by increased formation of LC3 puncta (observed via fluorescence microscopy) and upregulated expression of autophagy-related proteins (Beclin-1, LC3-II/LC3-I ratio) detected by western blot [1] - Pennogenin 3-O-beta-chacotrioside enhanced the efficacy of the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin in colorectal cancer cells; the combination treatment significantly reduced cell viability compared to doxorubicin monotherapy, and the combination index (CI) indicated a synergistic effect [1] |
| ln Vivo |
- In a nude mouse xenograft model of colorectal cancer, Pennogenin 3-O-beta-chacotrioside administration significantly inhibited tumor growth, as evidenced by reduced tumor volume and tumor weight compared to the control group [1]
- Pennogenin 3-O-beta-chacotrioside combined with doxorubicin in the xenograft model showed a more significant tumor-inhibiting effect than either agent alone; immunohistochemical staining of tumor tissues revealed increased expression of autophagy markers (Beclin-1, LC3) in the combination group [1] |
| Cell Assay |
- Cell viability assay: Colorectal cancer cells were seeded in 96-well plates and cultured overnight. Different concentrations of Pennogenin 3-O-beta-chacotrioside were added, and the cells were incubated for a specified duration. A cell viability detection reagent was added, and the absorbance was measured at a specific wavelength to calculate the inhibition rate [1]
- Autophagy detection via fluorescence microscopy: Colorectal cancer cells stably expressing GFP-LC3 were treated with Pennogenin 3-O-beta-chacotrioside for a specified time. The cells were fixed, and the number of GFP-LC3 puncta per cell was counted under a fluorescence microscope [1] - Western blot for autophagy markers: Colorectal cancer cells were treated with Pennogenin 3-O-beta-chacotrioside, and total protein was extracted. The protein samples were separated by SDS-PAGE, transferred to a membrane, and incubated with primary antibodies against Beclin-1, LC3, and GAPDH (internal reference). After incubation with secondary antibodies, the bands were visualized and quantified [1] - Combination efficacy assay: Colorectal cancer cells were treated with Pennogenin 3-O-beta-chacotrioside (different concentrations) combined with doxorubicin. Cell viability was detected as described above, and the combination index (CI) was calculated using appropriate software to evaluate synergism [1] |
| Animal Protocol |
- Animal model establishment: Nude mice were subcutaneously injected with colorectal cancer cells into the right flank. When tumors reached a specific volume, the mice were randomly divided into four groups: control group, Pennogenin 3-O-beta-chacotrioside group, doxorubicin group, and combination group [1]
- Drug administration: Pennogenin 3-O-beta-chacotrioside was dissolved in an appropriate solvent and administered via intraperitoneal injection or gavage at a specific dose once every 2–3 days for a total of 2–4 weeks. Doxorubicin was administered at a specific dose via intraperitoneal injection once a week [1] - Sample collection and detection: During the treatment period, mouse body weight and tumor volume were measured every 2–3 days. At the end of treatment, the mice were euthanized, and tumors were excised, weighed, and fixed in formalin. Paraffin-embedded tumor sections were used for immunohistochemical staining to detect autophagy markers [1] |
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Pennogenin 3-O-β-chacotrioside has been reported in Ypsilandra thibetica, Dioscorea bulbifera, and other organisms with relevant data. Pennogenin 3-O-β-chacotrioside is the main bioactive steroidal saponin isolated from Paris Polyphylla, and its anti-colorectal cancer effect is mainly mediated by inducing autophagy [1]. Pennogenin 3-O-β-chacotrioside may enhance the efficacy of doxorubicin by promoting autophagic death of colorectal cancer cells, thereby overcoming resistance to doxorubicin [1].
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| Molecular Formula |
C45H72O17
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
885.0430
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| Exact Mass |
884.477
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| CAS # |
55916-52-4
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| PubChem CID |
21626520
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
|
| LogP |
0.356
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
9
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
17
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
7
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
62
|
| Complexity |
1650
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
26
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| SMILES |
C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2([C@H]([C@]3([C@@H](O2)C[C@@H]4[C@@]3(CC[C@H]5[C@H]4CC=C6[C@@]5(CC[C@@H](C6)O[C@H]7[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O7)CO)O[C@H]8[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O8)C)O)O)O)O)O[C@H]9[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O9)C)O)O)O)C)C)O)C)OC1
|
| InChi Key |
NABPSKKFOWENEB-KUYDPMQHSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C45H72O17/c1-19-9-14-44(55-18-19)22(4)45(54)29(62-44)16-27-25-8-7-23-15-24(10-12-42(23,5)26(25)11-13-43(27,45)6)58-41-38(61-40-35(52)33(50)31(48)21(3)57-40)36(53)37(28(17-46)59-41)60-39-34(51)32(49)30(47)20(2)56-39/h7,19-22,24-41,46-54H,8-18H2,1-6H3/t19-,20+,21+,22-,24+,25-,26+,27+,28-,29+,30+,31+,32-,33-,34-,35-,36+,37-,38-,39+,40+,41-,42+,43+,44-,45-/m1/s1
|
| Chemical Name |
(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(1R,2S,4S,5'R,6R,7S,8S,9S,12S,13R,16S)-8-hydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~112.99 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (2.82 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (2.82 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (2.82 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.1299 mL | 5.6495 mL | 11.2989 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.2260 mL | 1.1299 mL | 2.2598 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1130 mL | 0.5649 mL | 1.1299 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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