| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| Targets |
pBBG targets glyoxalase 1 (GLO1), an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of methylglyoxal to D-lactate using glutathione as a cofactor. GLO1 plays a critical role in cellular detoxification and has been implicated in cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and anxiety. pBBG acts as a GLO1 inhibitor with a GC50 of 4.23 μM in HL-60 cells. Inhibition of GLO1 leads to the accumulation of methylglyoxal, which can induce cellular stress and apoptosis.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, pBBG inhibits glyoxalase 1 (GLO1) activity with a GC50 of 4.23 μM in HL-60 cells. The compound demonstrates antitumor activity by inducing cellular stress and apoptosis through the accumulation of methylglyoxal. pBBG also exhibits neuroprotective activities. Specific IC50 values for GLO1 inhibition are available from enzymatic assays.
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| ln Vivo |
BrBzGCp2 inhibits GLO1, which lengthens the center of the OF test without altering the travel distance. Methylglyoxal (MG) concentrations are raised by GLO1 inhibition, which decreases anxiety-like behaviors [2]. Seizure duration is shortened by BrBzGCp2 pretreatment [3]. Mice that receive injections of BrBzGCp2 have lower anxiety levels, and since less fearful and anxious mice are more inclined to explore new places, it follows that GLO1 activity inhibition lowers anxiety levels [4]. The suppression of GABAA receptor activation caused by VPA can be restored by BrBzGCp2 therapy [4]. In diabetic mice, BrBzGCp2 improves endothelial dysfunction and lowers blood pressure considerably [5].
In vivo, pBBG has been shown to lower anxiety levels in mice. Mice that receive injections of pBBG are less fearful and anxious and are more inclined to explore new places. The compound's GLO1 inhibition activity is believed to mediate these behavioral effects. pBBG has also been studied for its antitumor and neuroprotective activities in animal models. |
| Enzyme Assay |
The in vitro enzyme activity assay for pBBG involves measuring its inhibitory effect on glyoxalase 1 (GLO1) activity. Recombinant or purified GLO1 enzyme is incubated with varying concentrations of pBBG and its substrate, methylglyoxal, in the presence of glutathione. The formation of D-lactate is measured using spectrophotometric or HPLC methods. The GC50 for GLO1 inhibition is determined from dose-response curves. pBBG shows a GC50 of 4.23 μM in HL-60 cells.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for pBBG involve treating cultured cancer cell lines (e.g., HL-60 cells) with varying concentrations of the compound. GLO1 inhibition is assessed by measuring the accumulation of methylglyoxal or the depletion of glutathione. Cell viability is assessed using MTT assays. Apoptosis is detected by flow cytometry using Annexin V/PI staining. The compound's antitumor activity is evaluated by comparing treated groups to controls.
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| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: Male CD-1 mouse [2].
Doses: 50 mg/kg. Route of Administration: One intraperitoneal (ip) injection (Two hrs (hrs (hours)) after injection, mice were sacrificed, brains were rapidly dissected and snap frozen on dry ice. MG concentration was measured) Experimental Results: MG levels were allowed to accumulate for 2 hrs (hrs (hours)) In vivo animal experiments for pBBG typically use mouse models of anxiety or cancer. The compound is administered via injection at various doses. Anxiety-like behavior is assessed using behavioral tests such as the open field test or elevated plus maze. Antitumor efficacy is evaluated in xenograft models by measuring tumor volume. Neuroprotective effects are assessed in models of neurodegeneration. |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of pBBG have not been extensively characterized in publicly available literature. The compound is typically administered via injection in animal studies. Specific PK parameters including half-life, bioavailability, and metabolic pathways are not well documented.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
BBG has been studied in preclinical models for its antitumor and neuroprotective activities. As a GLO1 inhibitor, potential adverse effects may include those related to methylglyoxal accumulation and cellular stress. The compound's effects on anxiety have been observed in mouse models. Complete toxicology studies including acute, repeated-dose, and genotoxicity assessments would be required for therapeutic development.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
pBBG (CAS#: 166038-00-2) is a small molecule inhibitor of glyoxalase 1 (GLO1) with a GC50 of 4.23 μM in HL-60 cells. It is also known as BrBzGCp2 or pentyl-benzyloxy-benzylguanidine. pBBG exhibits antitumor and neuroprotective activities and lowers anxiety levels in mice. The compound is not approved for clinical use and remains a research tool for studying GLO1 biology and its role in cancer, neurodegeneration, and anxiety.
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| Molecular Formula |
C27H38N3O6SBR
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
612.57612
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| Exact Mass |
849.18
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| CAS # |
166038-00-2
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| PubChem CID |
127939
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.38g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
790.6ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
431.9ºC
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| Vapour Pressure |
5.64E-25mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.596
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| LogP |
2.987
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
8
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
16
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| Heavy Atom Count |
38
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| Complexity |
783
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
2
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| SMILES |
C1CCC(C1)OC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CSCC2=CC=C(C=C2)Br)NC(=O)CC[C@@H](C(=O)OC3CCCC3)N
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| InChi Key |
QIFSPGPRHFNZNN-GOTSBHOMSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C27H38BrN3O6S/c28-19-11-9-18(10-12-19)16-38-17-23(26(34)30-15-25(33)36-20-5-1-2-6-20)31-24(32)14-13-22(29)27(35)37-21-7-3-4-8-21/h9-12,20-23H,1-8,13-17,29H2,(H,30,34)(H,31,32)/t22-,23-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
cyclopentyl (2S)-2-amino-5-[[(2R)-3-[(4-bromophenyl)methylsulfanyl]-1-[(2-cyclopentyloxy-2-oxoethyl)amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-5-oxopentanoate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~250 mg/mL (~408.11 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 20 mg/mL (32.65 mM) in 8% DMSO 18% Tween80 + 74% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with sonication.
Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (3.40 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (3.40 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.6324 mL | 8.1622 mL | 16.3244 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3265 mL | 1.6324 mL | 3.2649 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1632 mL | 0.8162 mL | 1.6324 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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