| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 25mg |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Paullinic acid targets human endogenous metabolic pathways as a long-chain fatty acid. It is an ω-7 fatty acid that may be involved in lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis. It demonstrates measurable activity in promoting triglyceride accumulation in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cells.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, paullinic acid promotes triglyceride accumulation in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cells at defined concentrations. It shows anti-adipogenic effects in cellular models. The ω-7 series fatty acids, including paullinic acid, demonstrate measurable biological activity in cellular models. It has a Ki of 1,150 µM in certain assays.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, paullinic acid is an endogenous metabolite detected in blood and urine. As a dietary fatty acid, it is absorbed and incorporated into lipid metabolism. Specific pharmacological in vivo activities are not extensively documented. It may influence metabolic pathways related to fatty acid oxidation and lipid storage.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Paullinic acid can be analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) or liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) in biological samples. For cell-based assays, 3T3-L1 preadipocytes are differentiated into adipocytes in the presence of paullinic acid, and triglyceride accumulation is measured using Oil Red O staining or enzymatic assays.
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| Cell Assay |
3T3-L1 preadipocytes are cultured and differentiated into adipocytes using standard differentiation medium containing insulin, dexamethasone, and IBMX. Paullinic acid is added at various concentrations during differentiation. After 7-10 days, cells are fixed and stained with Oil Red O to visualize lipid droplets. Triglyceride content is quantified by extracting the dye and measuring absorbance.
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| Animal Protocol |
Animal studies for paullinic acid typically involve dietary supplementation in rodent models. Animals are fed a diet supplemented with paullinic acid, and metabolic parameters such as body weight, serum lipid levels, and adipose tissue weight are measured. Tissue fatty acid composition is analyzed by GC-MS.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Paullinic acid (MW 310.51) is a lipophilic fatty acid. It is absorbed from the diet and incorporated into lipoproteins for transport. It is metabolized via β-oxidation. As an endogenous metabolite, it has a natural presence in the body. Detailed PK parameters are not specifically documented.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Paullinic acid is generally recognized as safe as a dietary fatty acid. No significant toxicity has been reported. It is a natural component of certain foods and is considered non-toxic at physiological concentrations. Comprehensive toxicological data are not specifically documented for pharmacological use.
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| Additional Infomation |
(Z)-Eicosano-13-enoic acid is an eicosanoic acid with a cis double bond at position 13. It can be used as a mouse metabolite, a rat metabolite, and a plant metabolite. Folate acid has been reported in both Pyrococcus furiosus and Paullinia cupana, with relevant data available.
Paullinic acid is an endogenous metabolite and is used as a reference compound in lipid research. It is not an approved drug and is not in clinical trials. It serves as a standard for fatty acid analysis and is used in studies of lipid metabolism and adipogenesis. It is also known as (13Z)-13-eicosenoic acid. |
| Molecular Formula |
C20H38O2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
310.51452
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| Exact Mass |
310.287
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| CAS # |
17735-94-3
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| PubChem CID |
5312518
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| Appearance |
Colorless to light yellow ointment
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| Density |
0.895g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
426.3ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
13.4 °C
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| Flash Point |
323ºC
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| Vapour Pressure |
1.84E-08mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.467
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| LogP |
6.888
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
17
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| Heavy Atom Count |
22
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| Complexity |
258
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
CCCCCC/C=C\CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O
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| InChi Key |
URXZXNYJPAJJOQ-FPLPWBNLSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C20H38O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19-20(21)22/h7-8H,2-6,9-19H2,1H3,(H,21,22)/b8-7-
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| Chemical Name |
(Z)-icos-13-enoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~322.05 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.05 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.05 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.05 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.2205 mL | 16.1025 mL | 32.2051 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6441 mL | 3.2205 mL | 6.4410 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3221 mL | 1.6103 mL | 3.2205 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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