| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 25mg |
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| 50mg | |||
| 100mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Parishin E exerts its effects through multiple mechanisms, including antioxidant activity, inhibition of oxidative stress, and modulation of GABAergic and inflammatory pathways. It has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects, effectively inhibiting the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6. It also inhibits the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by inhibiting NF-κB. By modulating neurotransmitter balance and reducing inflammation, Parishin E may improve cognitive function. Its antioxidant properties contribute to its neuroprotective effects.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Parishin E has demonstrated antioxidant properties. It has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects, inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6. The compound also inhibits the production of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 through the inhibition of NF-κB. These activities suggest that Parishin E can reduce neuroinflammation, which is a key factor in many neurodegenerative diseases. Its effects are typically assessed using cell culture models of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Parishin E has been studied for its neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. Studies indicate it can improve cognitive function and inhibit oxidative stress. Its ability to modulate neurotransmitter balance suggests it may be useful in treating cognitive disorders. The compound has been researched for its potential in various diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases and cardiovascular disorders. However, detailed in vivo efficacy data are limited in the public literature. Further studies, including animal models of Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative conditions, are needed to fully characterize its therapeutic potential.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For in vitro antioxidant assays, Parishin E is evaluated using cell-free methods such as DPPH or ABTS radical scavenging assays. The compound is incubated with the radical solution, and the decrease in absorbance is measured. For anti-inflammatory studies, microglial cells or other immune cells are stimulated with LPS in the presence of the compound. The production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6) is measured by ELISA. Nitric oxide (NO) production is measured using the Griess reagent.
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| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cell-based assays, the neuroprotective effects of Parishin E are evaluated using neuronal cell lines or primary neurons. Cells are exposed to oxidative stress inducers (e.g., H2O2) or neurotoxic agents (e.g., Aβ25-35) in the presence of the compound. Cell viability is measured using MTT or CCK-8 assays. Markers of oxidative stress and inflammation are measured. The compound's effects on GABAergic signaling can be studied by measuring GABA receptor function or neurotransmitter levels.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo animal studies, Parishin E is typically administered orally in rodent models. To evaluate its neuroprotective effects, animal models of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, or other neurodegenerative conditions can be used. Cognitive function is assessed using behavioral tests such as the Morris water maze or novel object recognition test. Markers of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in the brain are measured. Pharmacokinetic studies have been performed in beagle dogs.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of Parishin E: The compound has a molecular weight of 460.39. Pharmacokinetic studies have been conducted in beagle dogs. As a glycoside, it is expected to have limited oral bioavailability. Detailed pharmacokinetic parameters, such as Cmax, Tmax, and half-life, have been investigated in these studies.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Specific toxicity data for Parishin E are limited. As a natural compound derived from Gastrodia elata, which has a long history of use in traditional medicine, it is generally considered to have a favorable safety profile. However, comprehensive toxicological studies have not been published. The compound is used for research purposes only and is not intended for human use. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be observed.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Reports indicate that Gastrodia elata contains Parishin E, and relevant data is available for reference.
Parishin E is a research compound with no clinical trial or regulatory approval status. It is a natural phenolic glycoside from Gastrodia elata and is used as a research tool to study neuroprotection, antioxidant activity, and anti-inflammatory effects. It is commercially available from chemical suppliers for research purposes only. The compound is of interest in the study of neurodegenerative diseases, cognitive disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. |
| Molecular Formula |
C19H24O13
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
460.3861
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| Exact Mass |
460.121
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| CAS # |
952068-57-4
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| PubChem CID |
91973797
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid
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| Density |
1.6±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
784.1±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
274.8±26.4 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±2.9 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.635
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| LogP |
-1.57
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
7
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
13
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
11
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| Heavy Atom Count |
32
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| Complexity |
662
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
5
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| SMILES |
O(C1C=CC(COC(=O)CC(O)(C(=O)O)CC(=O)O)=CC=1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1
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| InChi Key |
XAIUTKHLNZBMEG-HUNOYVTQSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C19H24O13/c20-7-11-14(24)15(25)16(26)17(32-11)31-10-3-1-9(2-4-10)8-30-13(23)6-19(29,18(27)28)5-12(21)22/h1-4,11,14-17,20,24-26,29H,5-8H2,(H,21,22)(H,27,28)/t11-,14-,15+,16-,17-,19?/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
2-hydroxy-2-[2-oxo-2-[[4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]methoxy]ethyl]butanedioic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~217.21 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.43 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.43 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.43 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.1721 mL | 10.8604 mL | 21.7207 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4344 mL | 2.1721 mL | 4.3441 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2172 mL | 1.0860 mL | 2.1721 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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