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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 25mg |
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| Targets |
Paris saponin VII targets multiple pathways involved in cancer and inflammation. It is a Hippo pathway activator that induces autophagy. The compound modulates NF-κB and MAPK pathways, contributing to its anti-inflammatory effects. It attenuates mitochondrial membrane potential and regulates the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, including increasing Bax and cytochrome c while decreasing Bcl-2, caspase-9, caspase-3, PARP-1, and p-Akt. The compound also inhibits cell proliferation by causing cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase. Its ability to suppress the proliferation of doxorubicin-resistant human cells (K562/ADR) in a dose-dependent manner suggests potential in overcoming drug resistance. In the nude mouse MCF-7/ADR xenograft model, Paris saponin VII greatly increases the anticancer efficacy of doxorubicin.
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| ln Vitro |
Chonglou Saponin VII suppresses the proliferation of doxorubicin-resistant human cells (K562/ADR) in a dose-dependent manner. Chonglousaponin VII strongly reduces cell proliferation in the G0/G1 phase through cell cycle proliferation [1].
In vitro studies have demonstrated that Paris saponin VII inhibits the growth of adriamycin-resistant human leukemia cells (K562/ADR) in a dose-dependent manner. It significantly suppresses cell proliferation by causing cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase. The compound induces robust autophagy in K562/ADR cells, providing a biochemical basis for the treatment of leukemia. Paris saponin VII attenuates mitochondrial membrane potential, increases the expression of apoptosis-related proteins such as Bax and cytochrome c, and decreases the protein expression levels of Bcl-2, caspase-9, caspase-3, PARP-1, and p-Akt. The compound also exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by modulating NF-κB and MAPK pathways. Its ability to suppress metastasis in various cancer cell lines further supports its potential as an anticancer agent. |
| ln Vivo |
In the nude mouse MCF-7/ADR xenograft model, Paris saponin VII (Chonglou Saponin VII) greatly increases the anti-cancer efficacy of doxorubicin [2].
In vivo, Paris saponin VII has been shown to significantly enhance the anticancer efficacy of adriamycin in the MCF-7/ADR xenograft model in nude mice when administered intravenously. The compound suppresses the proliferation of doxorubicin-resistant human cells in vivo, suggesting potential for overcoming drug resistance in cancer therapy. Its ability to induce autophagy and modulate apoptosis-related proteins contributes to its antitumor activity in animal models. The compound's anti-inflammatory effects may also contribute to its overall therapeutic benefits in vivo. However, comprehensive in vivo efficacy and safety studies are needed to fully evaluate its therapeutic potential and establish appropriate dosing regimens. |
| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro non-cell enzyme/receptor binding assays for Paris saponin VII are not standard, as its mechanism is primarily studied in cell-based systems. However, the compound's effects on mitochondrial membrane potential can be assessed using isolated mitochondria or mitochondrial preparations. The compound is incubated with isolated mitochondria, and changes in membrane potential are measured using fluorescent dyes such as JC-1 or tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester (TMRE). The activity of apoptosis-related proteins can be assessed in cell lysates using ELISA or Western blot-based assays. NF-κB and MAPK pathway activation can be measured using kinase activity assays with purified enzymes or cell lysates.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for Paris saponin VII use various cancer cell lines, including K562/ADR leukemia cells and MCF-7/ADR breast cancer cells. Cells are cultured in appropriate media and treated with varying concentrations of Paris saponin VII. Cell proliferation is assessed using MTT or CCK-8 assays, and cell cycle analysis is performed by flow cytometry. Apoptosis is evaluated by Annexin V/PI staining, and mitochondrial membrane potential is measured using fluorescent dyes. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins (Bax, Bcl-2, cytochrome c, caspase-3, caspase-9, PARP-1, p-Akt) is assessed by Western blotting. Autophagy is evaluated by LC3-II/LC3-I ratio and p62 levels by Western blotting.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for Paris saponin VII employ xenograft models using doxorubicin-resistant cancer cells, such as the MCF-7/ADR xenograft model in nude mice. The compound is administered intravenously, and tumor growth is monitored. The combination of Paris saponin VII with adriamycin is evaluated for enhanced anticancer efficacy. Tumor tissues are analyzed for markers of apoptosis, autophagy, and cell cycle regulation. Parameters such as tumor volume, tumor weight, and survival are recorded. Histopathological examination of tumor tissues and assessment of systemic toxicity are also performed. Pharmacokinetic studies in these models provide information about the compound's absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Paris saponin VII has a molecular weight of 1031.19 g/mol and a molecular formula of C₅₁H₈₂O₂₁. It has a purity of ≥95-98%. The compound is soluble in methanol and should be stored at -20°C. As a steroid saponin with a high molecular weight, Paris saponin VII is expected to have poor oral bioavailability and is typically administered intravenously in research settings. The compound's complex glycosidic structure contributes to its high molecular weight and hydrophilic properties. Detailed pharmacokinetic parameters, such as half-life, volume of distribution, and clearance, have not been extensively characterized. For research purposes, the compound should be stored as a powder at -20°C and protected from light and moisture.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicity profile of Paris saponin VII has not been comprehensively evaluated in published studies. As a steroid saponin, it may have hemolytic activity and can cause gastrointestinal irritation at high doses. The compound's ability to induce apoptosis and autophagy suggests that it may have significant biological effects that require careful evaluation. In cell-based assays, Paris saponin VII has been shown to be effective against cancer cells without causing significant toxicity to normal cells, suggesting some degree of selectivity. The compound is classified as a research reagent and is not intended for human therapeutic use without further safety evaluation. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed when handling the compound, including the use of appropriate personal protective equipment and working in a well-ventilated area.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
According to reports, Paris saponin VII has been found in Tibetan yipsilan, Chinese Paris polyphylla, and other organisms with available data.
Paris saponin VII is a steroid saponin found in Paris polyphylla. It is also known as Chonglou Saponin VII and PS VII. The compound has demonstrated potent anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. It induces apoptosis, inhibits proliferation, and suppresses metastasis in various cancer cell lines. Paris saponin VII is a Hippo pathway activator that induces autophagy and exhibits therapeutic potential against human breast cancer cells. It attenuates mitochondrial membrane potential and regulates apoptosis-related proteins. In the nude mouse MCF-7/ADR xenograft model, it significantly enhances the anticancer efficacy of doxorubicin. The compound modulates NF-κB and MAPK pathways, contributing to its anti-inflammatory effects. Not approved for clinical use; intended for research purposes only. |
| Molecular Formula |
C51H82O21
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
1031.1842
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| Exact Mass |
1030.534
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| CAS # |
68124-04-9
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| PubChem CID |
176233
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.5±0.1 g/cm3
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| Index of Refraction |
1.629
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| LogP |
4.91
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
11
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
21
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
9
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| Heavy Atom Count |
72
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| Complexity |
1950
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
31
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| SMILES |
C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2([C@H]([C@]3([C@@H](O2)C[C@@H]4[C@@]3(CC[C@H]5[C@H]4CC=C6[C@@]5(CC[C@@H](C6)O[C@H]7[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O7)CO)O[C@H]8[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O8)C)O[C@H]9[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O9)C)O)O)O)O)O)O)O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O2)C)O)O)O)C)C)O)C)OC1
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| InChi Key |
FBFJAXUYHGSVFN-IYUYFXHASA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C51H82O21/c1-20-10-15-50(63-19-20)24(5)51(62)31(72-50)17-29-27-9-8-25-16-26(11-13-48(25,6)28(27)12-14-49(29,51)7)67-47-43(71-45-38(59)35(56)33(54)22(3)65-45)40(61)42(30(18-52)68-47)70-46-39(60)36(57)41(23(4)66-46)69-44-37(58)34(55)32(53)21(2)64-44/h8,20-24,26-47,52-62H,9-19H2,1-7H3/t20-,21+,22+,23+,24-,26+,27-,28+,29+,30-,31+,32+,33+,34-,35-,36+,37-,38-,39-,40+,41+,42-,43-,44+,45+,46+,47-,48+,49+,50-,51-/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(1R,2S,4S,5'R,6R,7S,8S,9S,12S,13R,16S)-8-hydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~96.98 mM)
H2O : < 0.1 mg/mL |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (2.42 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (2.42 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (2.42 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 0.9698 mL | 4.8488 mL | 9.6976 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.1940 mL | 0.9698 mL | 1.9395 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.0970 mL | 0.4849 mL | 0.9698 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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