| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| Other Sizes |
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| ln Vitro |
Long-term application of paraxanthine (PX) to cultures results in a dose-dependent increase in the number of TH+ neurons. At 100 μM, paraxanthine has a noticeable impact that steadily grows and reaches its peak between 800 and 1000 μM at 10 DIV. TH+ neuron counts at various phases of culture maturation suggest that paraxanthine is most likely to stop the loss of DA cells. At an ideal dose of 20 ng/mL, GDNF, a common trophic factor for DA neurons, was marginally more successful in saving DA neurons following 10 and 16 DIV than 800 μM paraxanthine. N3 demethylates around 80% of caffeine to produce paraxanthine, which is less efficient than paraxanthine in preventing the death of DA neurons. For instance, at 800 μM, caffeine only slightly raised the number of TH+ cells by 40% 10 DIV, but paraxanthine at the same dose maximally boosted the survival of DA cells (169% increase) [1].
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Metabolism / Metabolites
Paraxanthine has known human metabolites that include 1,7-Dimethyluric acid and 1-Methylxanthine. Paraxanthine is a known human metabolite of caffeine. |
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
1,7-dimethylxanthine is a dimethylxanthine having the two methyl groups located at positions 1 and 7. It is a metabolite of caffeine and theobromine in animals. It has a role as a central nervous system stimulant, a human xenobiotic metabolite, a human blood serum metabolite and a mouse metabolite.
Paraxanthine has been reported in Cunila, Apis cerana, and other organisms with data available. |
| Molecular Formula |
C7H8N4O2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
180.1640
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| Exact Mass |
180.064
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| CAS # |
611-59-6
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| Related CAS # |
Paraxanthine-d6;117490-41-2;Paraxanthine-13C4,15N3;1173018-79-5
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| PubChem CID |
4687
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Melting Point |
351 - 352 °C
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| LogP |
-0.2
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
0
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| Heavy Atom Count |
13
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| Complexity |
267
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
O=C1C2=C(N=C([H])N2C([H])([H])[H])N([H])C(N1C([H])([H])[H])=O
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| InChi Key |
QUNWUDVFRNGTCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C7H8N4O2/c1-10-3-8-5-4(10)6(12)11(2)7(13)9-5/h3H,1-2H3,(H,9,13)
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| Chemical Name |
1,7-dimethyl-3H-purine-2,6-dione
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~25 mg/mL (~138.76 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 1.56 mg/mL (8.66 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 15.6 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 1.56 mg/mL (8.66 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 15.6 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 1.56 mg/mL (8.66 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.5506 mL | 27.7531 mL | 55.5062 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.1101 mL | 5.5506 mL | 11.1012 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5551 mL | 2.7753 mL | 5.5506 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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