| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 500mg |
|
| Targets |
Pantethine functions as a precursor to coenzyme A (CoA), a critical cofactor in numerous metabolic pathways including fatty acid oxidation, the citric acid cycle, and acetylcholine synthesis. By increasing intracellular CoA levels, it enhances these metabolic processes. Additionally, pantethine has been shown to inhibit cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis in the liver and intestinal mucosa. Its anti-inflammatory effects involve the inhibition of microparticle shedding from endothelial cells, while its neuroprotective properties are linked to its ability to modulate kynurenic acid pathways.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, pantethine (10-1000 μM) inhibits cholesterol synthesis in mouse liver slices. In Vero E6 cells, it reduces cholesterol levels by 35% at 24 hours and 80% at 72 hours at concentrations of 250-1000 μM. Pantethine (100-1000 μM) demonstrates antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2, reducing infection in Vero E6 and Calu-3a cells in a dose-dependent manner. It also inhibits microparticle release from endothelial cells (HPMECs and HUVECs) at 50-100 μM and stimulates lipolysis in adipose tissue.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, pantethine is an orally active lipid-lowering agent. It has been shown to reduce total and LDL cholesterol, though the effects have been modest. It may also improve fatty liver disease. In a mouse model of systemic sclerosis, pantethine prevented disease progression through the inhibition of microparticle shedding. Additionally, in a pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration mouse model, pantethine treatment was effective in recovering the disease phenotype induced by a ketogenic diet.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme assays for pantethine typically involve measuring its role as a CoA precursor. For example, cholesterol synthesis inhibition can be assessed in mouse liver slices or cultured cells by measuring the incorporation of radiolabeled acetate into sterols. Antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 is evaluated by pre-treating cells (e.g., Vero E6) with pantethine for 1 hour, followed by viral infection and co-incubation, with viral load measured by plaque assay or PCR. Microparticle release from endothelial cells can be quantified by flow cytometry after treatment with pantethine.
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| Cell Assay |
For cell-based assays, Vero E6 cells or Calu-3a cells are cultured in appropriate media and treated with pantethine at concentrations ranging from 100-1000 μM. After pre-treatment, cells are infected with SARS-CoV-2, and antiviral efficacy is determined by measuring viral replication. In endothelial cells (HPMECs, HUVECs), pantethine (50-100 μM) is applied for 18 hours, and microparticle release is measured. In mouse liver slices, pantethine (10-1000 μM) is used to assess its effect on cholesterol synthesis. All experiments include appropriate vehicle controls.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo, pantethine is typically administered orally to rodents. In a mouse model of systemic sclerosis, pantethine was given orally, and disease progression was monitored by assessing skin fibrosis and other markers. In a pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration mouse model, pantethine was administered to evaluate its effect on reversing the disease phenotype induced by a ketogenic diet. For lipid-lowering studies, pantethine is given orally, and serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels are measured over time.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pantethine (MW 554.72, C₂₂H₄₂N₄O₆S₂) is an orally active compound. It is a natural metabolite and a CoA precursor. The compound is typically stored as a powder at -20°C for long-term stability. Detailed pharmacokinetic parameters such as bioavailability, half-life, and clearance are available from pharmacological literature. It is well-absorbed and widely distributed in the body.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Pantethine is generally well-tolerated at therapeutic doses used as a dietary supplement. Common side effects are mild and may include gastrointestinal disturbances. It has a long history of safe use as a nutritional supplement for lowering cholesterol and triglycerides. The compound is not for human therapeutic use as a drug in most regions but is available as a dietary supplement.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Pantothenic acid ethylamine is an organic disulfide composed of two pantothenic acid molecules bridged by an amide bond and a cysteine disulfide bond. It is both a nutritional supplement and a coenzyme. Its function is closely related to pantothenic acid. Pantothenic acid ethylamine is a natural compound synthesized in the body from pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) through the addition of cysteine. It consists of a dimer formed by two pantothenic acid ethylamine molecules linked by a disulfide bond and serves as an intermediate in the synthesis of coenzyme A. Coenzyme A, as a cofactor, plays a crucial role in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, including fatty acid oxidation, carbohydrate metabolism, pyruvate degradation, and amino acid catabolism. Pantothenic acid ethylamine can be used as a dietary supplement to lower blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels.
Pantethine is a dietary supplement and a research compound with a wide range of biological activities. It is not a clinically approved drug for the treatment of any specific disease but is used as an adjunctive therapy for hyperlipidemia. It is commercially available from various chemical suppliers for research purposes only. Its mechanism involves acting as a CoA precursor, thereby modulating lipid metabolism and exerting anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. |
| Molecular Formula |
C22H42N4O8S2
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
554.71
|
| Exact Mass |
554.244
|
| CAS # |
16816-67-4
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| PubChem CID |
452306
|
| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.277g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
987.2ºC at 760mmHg
|
| Flash Point |
550.8ºC
|
| Vapour Pressure |
0mmHg at 25°C
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.56
|
| Source |
Endogenously produced metabolite
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| LogP |
-2.2
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
8
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
10
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
19
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
36
|
| Complexity |
652
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
2
|
| SMILES |
CC(C)(CO)[C@H](C(=O)NCCC(=O)NCCSSCCNC(=O)CCNC(=O)[C@@H](C(C)(C)CO)O)O
|
| InChi Key |
DJWYOLJPSHDSAL-ROUUACIJSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C22H42N4O8S2/c1-21(2,13-27)17(31)19(33)25-7-5-15(29)23-9-11-35-36-12-10-24-16(30)6-8-26-20(34)18(32)22(3,4)14-28/h17-18,27-28,31-32H,5-14H2,1-4H3,(H,23,29)(H,24,30)(H,25,33)(H,26,34)/t17-,18-/m0/s1
|
| Chemical Name |
(2R)-N-[3-[2-[2-[3-[[(2R)-2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl]amino]propanoylamino]ethyldisulfanyl]ethylamino]-3-oxopropyl]-2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamide
|
| Synonyms |
Lipodel; LBF disulfide; Pantethine
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ≥ 100 mg/mL (~180.27 mM)
DMSO : ≥ 100 mg/mL (~180.27 mM) Ethanol : ~100 mg/mL (~180.27 mM) |
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.51 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.51 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.51 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 4: 100 mg/mL (180.27 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.8027 mL | 9.0137 mL | 18.0274 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3605 mL | 1.8027 mL | 3.6055 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1803 mL | 0.9014 mL | 1.8027 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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